1. STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3

2. Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: 1.Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced 2.Distilling solution X (BP/CP –evaporation/condensation) with time, temp and volume graph 3. Cooling curve of moth nuggets and flakes

3. Kinetic Theory All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. These tiny particles are always in motion. (known as Brownian Motion) – temperature movement If temp. increases = then lighter objects move faster

4. How many states of matter are there? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5

5. States of Matter are Physically Different SOLID Closely packed Fixed Positions Vibrate LIQUID Closely packed – but can slide past one another GAS Constant motion – rarely stick together

6. There are 2 more states of matter PlasmaBose Einstein Condensate 566 × 566 × 5

7. What is the most common state of matter in the universe? 1.Solid 2.Liquid 3.Gas 4.plasma

8. Look at Plasma in the text, p. 82-83 Play clips of Plasma and Bose Einstein Condensate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkeSI_B5Ljc Plasma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RpLOKqTcSk BEC

10. SOLIDS Crystalline Solids –Atoms organized in geometric patterns –Crystal systems –Ex: ice, methanol, sodium chloride Amorphous Solids –Atoms not organized in specific patterns –Do not have definite melting pts. –Ex: glass, plastic, gels

11. LIQUIDS Atoms are close (similar to solids) – but can slip pass each other. No definite shape

12. GAS Most energetic phase on Earth Move fast – cannot attach to each other No shape or volume

13. The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

14. THERMAL ENERGY In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules Potential and Kinetic Energy

15. TEMPERATURE Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

16. HEAT VS TEMPERATURE HEAT –Is energy that is measured in joules or calories TEMPERATURE –Measured in degrees –Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid

17. When heat energy is added to a substance, the particles 1.Speed up 2.Slow down 3.Remain the same speed

18. When particles speed up, the particles 1.Stick and clump together 2.Slide by or bounce off of each other 3.Remain unchanged

19. When heat energy is lost from a substance, the particles 1.Speed up 2.Slow down 3.Remain the same speed

20. When particles slow down, the particles tend to 1.Stick and clump together 2.Slide by or bounce off of each other 3.Remain unchanged

21. Think of the following diagrams in terms of energy gained or energy lost by the substances.

22. Gas Liquid Solid

23. Gas Liquid Solid Evaporation

24. Gas Liquid Solid Condensation

25. Gas Liquid Solid Condensation Evaporation

26. Gas Liquid Solid Freezing

27. Gas Liquid Solid Melting

28. Gas Liquid Solid Melting Freezing

29. Gas Liquid Solid

30. Gas Liquid Solid Sublimation

31. Gas Liquid Solid Deposition

32. Gas Liquid Solid Deposition Sublimation

33. Gas Liquid Solid Deposition Sublimation Melting Freezing Condensation Evaporation

34. States of Matter are Physically Different because particle speed is different SOLID to Liquid= energy added (Melting) Lots of energy added at one time and solid  gas (sublimation) LIQUID to Gas= Energy added (Boiling) Go right to left and energy will be taken away at gas  liquid (condensing) And liquid  solid is (melting) Lots of energy lost at one time right to left and g  s (deposition)

35. What requires more energy for the same quantity of the same substance? 1.Raising the temperature of a substance 1º C 2.Completing a phase change

36. I have a solution of liquids. If in the heating process I have 4 distinct plateaus as the liquid changes to gas, how many liquids were in the solution? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.Unable to tell

37. The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

38. Solid to a liquid 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

39. gas to a solid 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

40. liquid to a solid 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

41. Gas to a liquid 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

42. Solid to a gas 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

43. Liquid to a gas 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

44. melting 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

45. deposition 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

46. freezing 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

47. condensing 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

48. sublimation 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

49. boiling 1.Energy added 2.Energy lost

50. End of Chapter 3 sections 1 and 2

51. THERMAL ENERGY In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules Potential and Kinetic Energy

52. TEMPERATURE Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

53. HEAT VS TEMPERATURE HEAT –Is energy that is measured in joules or calories TEMPERATURE –Measured in degrees –Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid