1. By: Annie La ED 7202, Spring 2012

2. Table of Contents Research Design Threats to Internal Validity Threats to External Validity Proposed Data Pre-Test/ Post-Test Data Results Survey Data Analysis and Correlation Teacher and Student Surveys References

3. Research Design Quasi-Experimental Design Non-equivalent control group Two groups Groups randomly assigned but individuals are not Individuals based on reading level: J/K/L Groups may include IEP and ELL learners Symbol Design: O X 1 O O X 2 O (O) Pre-test, (X 1 ) Treatment for Group 1, (X 2 ) Treatment for Group 2, (O) Post-test

4. Threats to Internal Validity History Maturation Testing/ Pretesting Instrumentation Mortality Statistical Regression Selection-Maturation Interaction

5. Threats to External Validity Ecological Validity New York City public schools Multiple Treatments An increase in guided reading throughout the day/week Novelty Effect Guided reading books online

6. Proposed Data Pre-Tests & Post-Tests Fountas & Pinnell Benchmark Assessment System Assesment level: K Student Surveys Demographics, Frequency, Attitudes, Short Response Teacher Surveys Frequency, Attitudes

7. Pre-Test/ Post-Test Results Descriptive Statistics Pre-TestPost-Test Mean87.66792.833 Median90.50091.500 Mode91.000N/A Range16.00012.000 Descriptive Statistics Pre-TestPost-Test Mean85.50088.667 Median90.50091.000 ModeN/A90.000 Range23.00029.000 5.89%3.70%

8. Survey Analysis and Correlation Pre-Test Scores Post Test Scores.rxy= 0.229.rxy=0.797 Studentxy 1491 2597 3168 4490 54 6495 7392 8599 9287 10392 11590 12498 Studentxy 1478 2594 3171 4482 5489 6492 7393 8590 9291 10391 11574 12494

9. Student Survey Sample Question: Part I: Frequencies Directions: Fill in the lettered box corresponding to your answer. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Never- Once 2-3 times 4-5 times Everyday 0 times per week per week per week 1. I spend time reading outside of school. 1. _______ 2. I spend time reading in school. 2. _______ Part III: Short Response 1. What are some of your favorite books to read? _______________________________________________________

10. Student Surveys Cont. Sample Question: Part IV: Background Information Directions: Fill in completely the lettered box corresponding to your answer. Example: Answer = a = = b = = c = = d = = e = 1. Gender: a. Maleb. Female1. __________ 2. Where were you born?2. ________ a. USA b. South/ Central America c. Europe or Canada d. Asia e. Africa

11. Teacher Survey Sample Question Part II: Agree/ Disagree Directions: Fill in the lettered box corresponding to your answer. Example: (1) (2) (3) (4) Strongly AgreeDisagree Strongly Agree Disagree 1. My lesson plans are interdisciplinary with reading. 1. ____ 2. I conduct read aloud in my classroom. 2. ____

12. References O’Connor-Petruso, S. (2012). Descriptive Statistics Threats to Validity [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/portal/ http://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/portal/