1. Chapter 2 – Cell structure & the cell cycle

3. Plant Cells

6. What distinguishes plant cells?  Plastids (chloroplasts, etc.)  Cell wall  Large central vacuole  Plant cell specific connections

7. Where are the chloroplasts?  Plastids –Chloroplasts –Leucoplasts  Amylopasts  Elaioplasts (niyb)

8. Plastids - Chromoplasts

9. Chloroplasts, mitochondria and endosymbiosis

10. Chloroplast Genome  Circular DNA molecule  Replicate independently  Sequence characteristics resembles that of bacteria

11. Paramecium with endosymbiont Chlorella

12. Plant cell walls  Primary cell walls  Secondary cell walls -for structural support

13. Cell walls  Pectins (proteins) and hemicelluloses (carbohydrates) link cellulose molecules together

14. Cell Walls  Lignin strengthens & waterproofs secondary cell walls

15. Plant cell connections  Middle lamella (pectins) hold cells together  Bordered pits speed water and solute diffusion through cells with secondary cell walls

16. Bordered pits

17. Plant cell connections  Plasmodesmata provide cytoplasmic connections between cells

18. Plasmodesmata

19. Cytoskeleton  Microtubules  Microfilaments  Motor proteins (walking molecules)

20. Movement in plant cells and the cytoskeleton

21. Plant cell research  Plasmodesmata Plasmodesmata