1. DRUG UNIT

2. DRUG PROJECT Develop a lesson on a particular drug
Information must be as thorough as possible
Must include:
Written outline – typed
Bibliography – minimum 4 sources
2 sources must be from something other than the internet - NO WIKIPEDIA
Written outline - must be typed (the report needs to be labeled clear, ex./ brain chemistry and then information)
Oral Presentation
Outline needed for the class (handout)
Information – MUST BE DETAILED!!!!!!!!!!!!!
History- origin
Definitions and terms (can include current events, newspaper incidents, new findings, real or not real stories)
Effects of the drug on the body (what it does)
Uses and abuses / medical – past and present
Addiction (physical-psychological etc…),
Withdraw
Drug interaction (what occurs if combined with other drugs),
***BRAIN CHEMISRTY (how does it change the brain)
Schedule of drug and punishment of law
Visual – power point with graphics, video clips ect…..something to bring interest to the presentation
5 test questions with answers

3. TOPIC CHOICES Marijuana Crystal Meth Heroin/Morphine Tobacco
Cocaine/Crack
Prescription/OTC Drugs ( Valium, oxycodone, pain relievers, sedatives)
Ritalin and Stimulants
Alcohol /Depressants/Oxycontin
OTC Drugs (Coricidin, Robotussin, Caffeine, Inhalants…)
Hallucinogens, LSD/PCP (Last Choice)

4. OTC Definitions Define each term for homework
Drug
Penicillin
Sulfa Drug
Antisera
Vasodilators
Medicine
Tetracycline
Vaccine
Digitalis
Antiarrythmics
Antibiotic
Topical Antibiotic
Antibody
Diuretics
Preventive Agents

5. Chapter 23 Drugs as Medicines
How have drugs significantly affected the lives of Americans?
Drugs make our world a better place.
Today is a time for QUICK CURES.
A pill or potion remedy exists for every conceivable ache or pain.

6. The Role of Medicines Drug Medicines
Any substance , other than food , that when taken into the body alters the structure or function of the body in some way.
Medicines
Kind of drug that is taken into or applied to the body to prevent or cure a disease or disabling condition.

7. Medicines are classified into 4 Broad Categories
Prevent Disease
Fight Pathogens (microorganisms that enter the body and attack its cells and tissues)
Relieve Pain
Helps the heart regulate blood pressure

8. Drugs that Fight Antibiotic – Penicillin – Penicillin Video
drug that microscopic organisms produce (penicillin and tetracycline)
Penicillin – Penicillin Video
antibiotics that kills a wide variety of bacteria
Tetracycline –
antibiotics used to treat infections
Topical antibiotics –
treats minor cuts, burns and abrasions
Sulfa Drugs –
are germ killers that are made from certain chemical substance (man made)

9. Drugs that Prevent Disease
Vaccines – preparation, containing weakened or dead pathogens that cause a particular disease. It is given to prevent one from contracting that particular disease.
Antibody – a protein substance in the blood that acts against poisons or the bacteria that produces them
Antisera – body fluids that contain antibodies and act more quickly than vaccines

10. Drugs that affect the HEART and regulate Blood Pressure
5 Main Kinds
Digitalis – increase the force of contraction in the heart.
Cuts down the number of heartbeats and controls irregular heart beats
Diuretics – helps to relieve the body of water and sodium. (good after heart failure)
Vasodilators – dilate the veins and arteries to increase blood and oxygen flow.
Antiarrhythmics – given in cases of arrhythmia – any disturbance in the rate or rhythm of the heart.
Preventive agents – used to prevent conditions
Ex./ high blood pressure, blood clots, fatty deposits in blood

11. Drugs that affect the Nervous System
****Most widely used and abused drugs? WHY?
Alters moods and feelings
6 Major groupings
Analgesic – relieves and stops pain
Antidepressants – relieves emotional depression
Stimulants – prevent sleep, reduce distractibility in hyperactive children and suppress appetite
Hypnotics – give relief to moderate or mild anxiety and tension and aids in sleep
Barbiturates – used for many of the same reasons as hypnotics as well as used to prevent various types of seizures
Tranquilizers – relieve anxiety and tension (hypnotics) as well as to relieve insomnia due to the anxiety and tension.
A 7th group is called Hallucinogens, but it requires special identification. This group alters consciousness and there is no generally accepted medical use.

12. Antihistamines – cold remedies
Antacids
May contain aspirin and can further stomach irritation.
Prevention – eat slowly, chew food well, do not over eat, avoid foods that irritate your stomach.
Antihistamines – cold remedies
What is the major problem with liquid cold remedies?
Correct measurement, ½ of adult dosage for children, weight difference

13. Medicines in the Body
Side Effects – a reaction other than the one intended.
Additive Interaction – medicines work together in a positive way.
Example/ Anti-inflammatory + muscle relaxant to treat joint pain
Synergistic Effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when the medicines are taken independently.
Antagonistic Interaction – the effect of a medicine is cancelled or reduced when taken with another medicine.
Example/ Anti-rejection meds. (transplants) and insulin. Insulin may be decreased.
Tolerance – body becomes use to the effect
Withdrawal – when a person stops using a medicine or other substance to which he or she has a physiological dependence.
Examples of symptoms – nervousness, insomnia, severe nausea, headaches, vomiting, chills, and cramps

14. Effects of the drug in the body depends on:
Type of drug taken
Method by which the drug was taken
Swallowed – starts to dissolve in stomach before going into the bloodstream (absorbed through the walls to the bloodstream)
Liver processes all food and chemicals so to be used or eliminated
Intravenously (in the veins) or Intramuscularly (in the muscle)
Injection causes immediate entrance into the bloodstream and then to the liver.

15. Drugs interact not only with one another but with food as well.
Presence of food:
In the digestive system can slow down or speed up the time it takes a drug to go through the digestive tract to the site in the body where it is needed.
Take on an empty stomach or just before meals or with meals.
Can contain natural and sometimes added chemicals (reaction can be severe)
Can speed up absorption but more often interferes with it.
Example:
Tetracycline with dairy products (calcium in milk and cheese), impairs the body’s capacity to absorb the antibiotic.
Acidity in soft drinks and fruit juices causes some drugs to dissolve quickly in the stomach instead of intestines, where they will be readily available.

16. Being Health Literate: Using Medicines Safely
Refer to page 516
Being Health Literate: Using Medicines Safely
Ask Questions.
Read the Label.
Practice Safety.
Become a partner in your health care.

17. Extra Credit : Find an article on a medicine breakthrough, summarize and report to the class.
Homework –
Define: Chemical Name, Generic Name,
and Trade Name
--Medicine Cabinet Review
Write down the medication
OTC/Prescription
Exp./date

18. Drug Tolerance and Dependence
Addiction
Withdrawal
Physical – withdrawal occurs
Psychological – mentally dependent

19. Label Reading - A chemical formula for chemist Chemical Name
Ex./ Aspirin
Acetylsalicylic Acid - C9H8O4
Generic Name
- Universal Name - aspirin
Trade Name
Manufacturer / brand name
Ex./ Bayer is different by manufacturer

20. Label Reading PAIN OFF FRONT BACK Acetaminophen Ingredients
Do not use if protective seal is broken
Acetaminophen
Purpose of Medicine
PAIN-OFF provides temporary relief from simple headaches
Warning : Keep out of reach of children. If pregnant or nursing consult a physician before use.
Usual Adult Dosage: 2 tablets four times a day as needed.
PAIN OFF
Name of Product
For fast relief
of minor pain
Directions for safe use
Expiration Date
Control number
EXP 10/01
NO.QT 123
Medi-Labs, 612 Medi-Lab Way, Mediville, NJ
200 tablets
235 mg each
Name and address of manufacturer
Exact measurements of package contents

21. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
The most widely used non –prescription drug in the US
Regular dosage is an excellent pain reliever (2 Tablets)
High doses (10-24 per day) an anti-inflammatory agent
arthritis patients
High doses can cause stomach irritation
Drink full glass of water
Allergic reactions (may not realize it)
Asthma attack
Symptoms – wheezing, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing
Can prevent vitamin C from getting into cells
Vitamins can intensify and prolong the effects of aspirin
Symptoms: ringing in the ears
Salicylate poisoning
Can interfere with blood clotting.
Acetaminophen – taken if sensitive to aspirin because it does not contain salicylic acid