1. Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration
Section 9-1
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration
Overview of Cellular Respiration (Know sequence of events)
Definition – The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down _______ and other food molecules in the presence of ________ (_________). This is an _______ reaction.
NAD+ acts as the electron carrier (NAD – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Occurs in all eukaryotic cells.
6O2 + C6H12O CO2 + 6 H2O = Energy (36 ATP)

2. ATP – ____________ ________________
Section 8-1
ATP – ____________ ________________
Supplies energy for all cellular processes
_________
__________
3 _______ ________

3. Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP – ____ ______
ATP – ____ ______
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery

4. Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Section 9-1
Electrons carried in NADH
Mitochondrion
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Glucose
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm

5. Krebs Cycle Fermentation Electron Transport Alcohol Lactic Acid
Section 9-1
Glycolysis
O2 present No O2 present
Krebs Cycle Fermentation
Electron Transport Alcohol Lactic Acid

6. 1st step – Glycolysis is when one molecule of ________ is broken in _____, producing two molecules of _______ acid, a 3-C compound.
If oxygen is present then pyruvic acid enters _____ Cycle
If no oxygen then pyruvic acid enters ____________ process

7. Glycolysis – occurs in the cytoplasm Starting molecule is glucose
Section 9-2
Glycolysis – occurs in the cytoplasm
Starting molecule is glucose
ATP Production – __ ATPs are needed at beginning, but 4 are produced, total of 2 net gain for the cell.
C. _____ is a carrier for electrons to the electron transport chain (____).
D. 1 glucose = 2 pyruvic acid + 2 ATP = 2 NADH
E. Total ATP = ___

8. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

9. Anaerobic – ___ _____ ______
III. Fermentation
Anaerobic – ___ _____ ______
Alcoholic fermentation by yeast and some bacteria
Pyruvic acid = _______ alcohol + CO2 + ____+
_______ dioxide causes bread to rise, heat in baking evaporates any alcohol.
Used to produce beer and wine

10. 2. Lactic acid fermentation
______ acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+
Produced in muscles during _________ exercise when the body cannot supply enough _______. Leads to soreness.
Unicellular organisms ferment food and beverages.
Ex: yogurt, _______, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut

11. Fermentation (without oxygen)
Chemical Pathways
Section 9-1
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Alcohol or lactic acid
Fermentation (without oxygen)

12. IV. ______ Cycle
2nd step, occurs in ______________
Starts with pyruvic acid and gives off ________ dioxide
Energizes NAD+ to form NADH (_________ carriers) high energy
Results:
High energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) take __________ to ETC
Carbon dioxide is breathed out
2 _____ formed

13. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
OAA – Oxaloacetate is a 4 Carbon molecule with low energy
FADH2 – Flavin adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
Succinate – 4 carbon compound with energy
NADH – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen
OAA
succinate
Alpha-ketogluterate

14. Fermentation (without oxygen)
Section 9-1
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid

15. V. Electron __________Chain (ETC) – 3rd step
V. Electron __________Chain (ETC) – 3rd step Occurs between __________ in the mitochondria in all animals, plants and _____________
Uses high energy electrons (stored in NADH and ______2) from Krebs to convert ____ to ATP.
Carrier proteins ________ in the mitochondrial membrane pass high-energy ________ along and ______ H+ into the intermembrane space
Oxygen is the final electron ________ and combines with hydrogen to form water

16. As the amount of H+ builds in the __________
As the amount of H+ builds in the __________ space, one H+ rushes back across the ______ membrane causes ATP synthase to spin, re- energizing ADP to _____.
Each pair of e- generate enough energy to _______ 3 ADP to 3 ATP.
Total ATP = ______
Total ATP generated in all steps of ________ = 36

17. Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production

19. VI. Energy and Exercise
Cells normally contain enough _____ for a few seconds of intense activity.
After 90 seconds, cellular respiration supplies ATP
For long-term activity,__________stored in the muscle is burned and lasts minutes. After that, other ___________ such as fat are burned for energy (aerobics, running & swimming)
Need to breathe ______ after exercise to repay oxygen debt and rid body of ______ acid

20. Electron Transport Chain
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose (C6H1206) +
Oxygen (02)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) +
Water
(H2O)

21. VI. Comparing ____________ and Cellular Respiration
See figure ________
Photosynthesis does not release energy from glucose
____________ removes CO2 and _________ returns it.
________ in photosynthesis is _______ in respiration.