1. Chapters 2 and 3

2.  It is assumed that this is all prior knowledge since you had chemistry.  Atomic structure, basic terminology, octet rule and role of valence electrons in bonding.  6 key elements in biochemicals

3.  Still considered previous knowledge!!  Be able to compare and contrast ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen, and hydrophobic interactions.  Know key examples AS RELEVANT TO LIFE  Know how the bond is formed and relative strength  Predict resulting charge/dipoles  What is likely to happen to ionic compounds in a biological system? (water based!)

4.  How many covalent bonds does carbon like to form? Why? With what other atoms?  How does the electronegativity of an atom affect its bonding tendencies?  Which highly electronegative atoms do we need to worry about in Biology?

5.  Relate the polarity of the water molecule to each of the following properties of water:  High heat capacity and heat of vaporization  Cohesion  Adhesion  Ability to dissolve certain substances (which?)  Now go back and discuss the significance of each of these properties with regard to living things  Apply the phrase “like dissolves like”

6.  Functional Groups – what are they? What behaviors do they “attach” to a molecule?  Be able to predict how chemicals will react based on their collection of functional groups.  Yes, you must memorize the list and their properties.

7.  Monomers vs. Polymers  How are they built/broken down? Know the reactions  Other name for condensation?  Be able to name monomers/polymers for carbs, proteins and nucleic acids

8.  What structural similarities do carbohydrates have?  What are the roles of carbohydrates in living things?  Differentiate between simple and complex sugars in terms of energy usage.

9.  Know the significance of the following monosaccharides: glucose, ribose and deoxyribose  How can different sugars have the same formula? What are these called? Example? What significance does this have biologically?

10.  How are monosaccharides linked to form di-, oligo-, polysaccharides?

11.  Compare and contrast the structure and function of starch, collagen and glycogen

12.  How does the structure of lipids compare to that of carbs?  Identify the functions of lipids in living things

13.  How are triglycerides made?  Differentiate between the structure of fats and oils  What aspect of the structure makes it such a successful energy storage molecule?

14.  Describe the structure of a phospholipid  How does it differ from a triglyceride?  How does this difference enable phospholipids to serve as the barrier of the cell?

15.  Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy as it applies to metabolism

16.  Provide biologically relevant examples of anabolic and catabolic reactions  Diagram the energy changes that happen during anabolic and catabolic reactions and be able to explain in terms of Δ G

17.  Relate the laws of thermodynamics (1 and 2) to biological systems