1. DNA : The Genetic Code

2. What is the “genetic code”? A set of instructions that tells the cell how to build all of the components that make you!

3. Disputes DNA vs protein as the genetic code…

4. DNA Structure Nucleotide

5. Protein Structure

6. Protein Structure: Polymer of Amino Acids

7. Series of experiments pointed to the same thing = DNA is the genetic material

8. Series of findings led to the discovery of the structure of DNA

9. DNA Contains the instructions for making PROTEINS that determine your appearance. The order of the DNA BASES determines the sequences of AMINO ACIDS in the protein.

10. Where is DNA found?

11. Where are proteins made?

12. DNA can’t leave the nucleus. So how do the instructions get where they need to be?

13. A MESSENGER! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEDQoQuIhkg

14. DNA  RNA  Protein DNA  RNA :: TRANSCRIPTION RNA  Protein :: TRANSLATION

15. Transcription Keeping it in the same “language” Just different…a shortened version

16. RNA Ribonucleic Acid Another type of nucleic acid A polymer of nucleotides – There are differences…

17. ACTIVITY…

18. Differences Built with ribose rather than deoxyribose Does not have thymine – uses uracil instead Single stranded Found in nucleus and cytoplasm Comes in three types: – mRNA (messenger) – tRNA (transfer) – rRNA (ribosomal)

19. RNA base pairing rules…

20. Steps of Transcription… Unwind DNA: HELICASE Only one strand is used: the CODING STRAND To build the mRNA Start adding nucleotides: RNA POLYMERASE