1. Axially loaded member
Axial load and normal stress under equilibrium load, Elastic Deformation

2. Saint-Venant’s Principle
Localized deformation occurs at each end, and the deformations decrease as measurements are taken further away from the ends
At section c-c, stress reaches almost uniform value as compared to a-a, b-b
c-c is sufficiently far enough away from P so that localized deformation “vanishes”, i.e., minimum distance

3. Saint-Venant’s Principle
General rule: min. distance is at least equal to largest dimension of loaded x-section. For the bar, the min. distance is equal to width of bar
This behavior discovered by Barré de Saint-Venant in 1855, this the name of the principle
Saint-Venant Principle states that localized effects caused by any load acting on the body, will dissipate/smooth out within regions that are sufficiently removed from location of load
Thus, no need to study stress distributions at that points near application loads or support reactions

4. Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member
Deformation can be calculated using
SIGN CONVENTION
When the member is tension
When the member is compression

5. Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member
Total deformation:
The Above Figure:

6. Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member
1) Internal Forces
2) Displacement calculation

7. Example 1
Composite A-36 steel bar shown made from two segments AB and BD. Area AAB = 600 mm2 and ABD = 1200 mm2.
Determine the vertical displacement of end A and displacement of B relative to C.
A-36 Steel: E = 210 GPa

8. Internal axial load:

9. Displacement of point A
Displacement of point B relative to C

10. Displacement of point A
Displacement of point B relative to C

11. Solve it!
The copper shaft is subjected to the axial loads shown. Determine the displacement of end A with respect to end D. The diameter of each segment are dAB = 75 mm, dBC= 50 mm and dCD = 25 mm. Take Ecu = 126 GPa.

12. 1) Internal Forces
2) Displacement calculation
PAB=30 kN
Tension
Tension
PAB=30 kN
P=20 kN
PBC=10 kN
Compression
P=5 kN
PCD=-5 kN
Total deformation

13. Solve it!
The assembly consist of three titanium (Ti-6A1-4V) rods and a rigid bar AC. The cross sectional area for each rod is given in the figure. If a force 30kN is applied to the ring F, determine the angle of tilt of bar AC.

14. 1) Equilibrium Equation
FDC
1) Equilibrium Equation
F= 30kN
FAB
2) Based on FAB and FDC, FDC is predicted to deform more.
dDC
3) Angle of tilt
dAB
Lecture 1

15. Example 2
The assembly shown in the figure consists of an aluminum tube AB having a cross-sectional area of 400 mm2. A steel rod having a diameter of 10 mm is attached to a rigid collar and passes through the tube. If a tensile load of 80 kN is applied to the rod, determine the displacement of the end C of the rod. Take Est = 200 GPa, Eal = 70 GPa.

16. Find the displacement of end C with respect to end B.
Displacement of end B with respect to the fixed end A,
Since both displacements are to the right,