1. EARTH’S WATER RESOURCES RESOURCES

2. EARTH’S WATER RESOURCES

5. LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, USA One of fastest growing major cities in the United States (entire developed world) Las Vegas - located in center of Vegas Valley (desert region) Surrounded by Sierra Nevada and Spring Mountains Hot, windy & dry (38°C) Mountains act as barrier from moisture from Pacific Dry (114 mm of precipitation in a year - 216 clear days)

6. LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, USA

7. Vegas has enough natural water (artesian spring) for 350,000 people Population is 1.95 million 88% of Las Vegas water comes from Lake Mead (at 43% capacity) Las Vegas will need to pump in water from other sources by 2010-11 water crisis USwater crisisUS Lake Mead may be completed dry in 20 years Las Vegas grassLas Vegasgrass

8. WORLD WATER RESOURCES Earth has 1376 million km 3 97.4% in Oceans (1340.74 km 3 ) 2.6% fresh water (36.26 km 3 ) water

10. FRESH WATER RESOURCES 1.8% glaciers & permanent snow cover (24.87 km 3 ) 0.8% in ground water and permafrost (10.85 km 3 ) 0.007% lakes, rivers & bogs (1.10 km 3 ) 0.00072% H 2 O in atmosphere (0.01 km 3 )

12. FRESH WATER RESOURCES Under ideal circumstances there is enough fresh water on the earth to support 20 billion Except 1)most F.W. exists in inaccessible forms (polar glaciers & permafrost and vapour 2)Large reserves not available where demand for water is greatest (e.g. Canada - 60% of rivers drain north away from 90% of population

13. FRESH WATER RESOURCES 3)Water pollution - 100s of millions of people forced to rely on unsafe water 2.8 billion (40% of world) live with some shortage of fresh water 1.2 billion - severe water shortage 1.6 billion live in economic water shortage global

14. India Pakistan war India/China Conflict The Nile

15. FRESH WATER RESOURCES Some improvements since 1990 but still 1 billion people have no access to safe drinking water (1.6 billion have gained access)

16. Fresh Water Resources Water use has  more than 2x the rate of pop for past century Water scarcity occurs when 75% of river flows are withdrawn 2.5 billion people living without proper sanitation (1 billion in Asia and 1/2 billion Sub- Saharan Africa

17. Fresh Water Resources Water use has  more than 2x the rate of pop for past century Water scarcity occurs when 75% of river flows are withdrawn 2.5 billion people living without proper sanitation (1 billion in Asia and 1/2 billion Sub-Saharan Africa)

18. Fresh Water Resources 70% of pop without proper sanitation live in rural areas In sub-Sahara Africa (21 countries) - 16% of poor and 79% of rich have access to sanitation

19. Fresh Water Resources 70% of pop without proper sanitation live in rural areas In sub-Sahara Africa (21 countries) - 16% of poor and 79% of rich have access to sanitation

20. Millennium Development Goals Part of MDG’s to end poverty by 2015 Goal #7 - Environmental Sustainability Target #3 - Halve the proportion of world population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

21. Millennium Development Goals Diarrhea - 4 billion cases per year - 1.5 million deaths (most children under age of 5) - 88% of cases due to unsafe water, poor sanitation Trachoma - 5 million people visually impaired - infection rate could  by 27% with improve water MDG7

22. Millennium Development Goals Schistosomiasis - 200 million infected - could be  by 77% improved water and sanitation Intestinal worms - infect 1/3 of world pop - undernutrition caused by infections can lead to cognitive impairment, anemia or massive dysentery

23. Top Ten Sources of Fresh Water - Percentage of World Total Brazil - 14.9% Russia - 8.1% Canada - 6% United States - 5.6% Indonesia - 5.1% China - 5.1% Colombia - 3.9% Peru - 3.5% India - 3.5% DRC - 2.3%

33. Nile