1. 1 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ‘Good Practices’ Related to Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation May 20-21, 2010, Lisbon Consultation with Bilateral Development Agencies on Good Practices – Drinking Water, Sanitation and Human Rights – May 20-21, 2010, Lisbon

2. 2 Good Practices Case i : India - Urban water supply and sanitation in Bangalore - Urban water supply and sanitation in Bangalore Case ii : Senegal - Rural water supply and sanitation - Rural water supply and sanitation

3. 3 (1) (1) Construction of water supply and sewerage facilities (2) (2) Management improvement (3) (3) Slum development Outreach to the urban poor by the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Project with Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) Water supply system in Bangalore (Cauvery Water Supply Scheme) Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India Intake WTP 100km Served Population : 7 million Present supply : 900 MLD

4. 4 Project NameDate of approval Amount of approval (millions; JPY) Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Project 1996/1/2528,452 Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Project (II-1) 2005/3/3141,997 Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Project (II-2) 2006/3/3128,358 Total98,807 Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India

5. 5 Indicator for Stage II 2003 (Baseline) 2015 (Target) Water Supply Total population served4.016 million7.42 million Amount of water supply (m 3 /d) 810,0001,310,000 Percentage of population served (%) 66.595 Sewerage Total population served3.19 million7.02 million Amount of wastewater treated (m 3 /d) 408,0001,111,000 Percentage of population served (%) 5390 Scale of the project Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India

6. 6 Outreach to the urban poor: From pilot to scale-up [Original condition]   10 to 15 % of city's population live in slums.   Total number of slums is over 500.   70% of slums do not have satisfactory access to water and sanitation.   Significant service level gap: Crowded public taps, long time for fetching water, high cost to buy water from private vendors, health risk, etc. Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India Pilot Project by BWSSB with AusAID in three slums (2000-02) Scale-up by Japanese financial cooperation

7. 7 Innovative approach in the pilot project ☹ ☹ Property document / lease deed required ☹ ☹ Application for new connection at BWSSB offices only ☹ ☹ High connection charge : Rs. 1,800 (USD 36) ☹ ☹ High minimum tariff : Rs. 105 (USD 2.10) per month Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India ☺ Property documents not required; ration card or voter’s ID Card is acceptable ☺ Application available at door step simply ☺ Connection charge reduced to Rs. 550 (US$ 11), allowing installment payment, based on Willingness to Pay survey ☺ Minimum tariff reduced to Rs. 73 (USD 1.46) per month and new tariff slab at lowest consumption reduced from 15 m 3 to 8 m 3 Before After

8. 8 Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India ☺ Cover 360 slums in the city with individual/ shared metered connections ☺ Sewage connection and disposal ☺ Rs. 400 million (US$ 8 Million) allocated for capital investment ☺ Partnership with NGOs and CBOs through Social Development Unit of BWSSB ☺ Participation of slum dwellers including women ☺ Inclusive implementing structure ☺ 120 slums will be taken up in first phase (2010) ☺ Balance will be taken up thereafter (2010-2011) Scale up with Japanese yen loan

9. 9 Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India Project Coordinating Committee - Senior level representative from institutions covering diversified stakeholders  Urban Development Department  Housing Department  Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board  Bangalore City Corporation  Karnataka Slum Clearance Board  NGO representatives  CBO / WATSAN Committee representatives (woman representative should be included) Inclusive implementing structure WATSAN Committee - Formulated in each slum to be in charge of operation and maintenance of water supply and sewerage facilities

10. 10 Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India Preparation Stage  Assignment of Social Development Unit staff  Training  Stakeholder partnership building  Selection of consultants Implementation process of slum development component Planning Stage  Preparation of detailed implementation plan  Project Coordinating Committee  Selection of partner NGOs  MOU between BWSSB, NGO and community  Social survey of slums Execution Stage  Setup of WATSAN committee  Feasibility assessment  Detailed design  Tender, contract, construction  Commissioning  Collection of connection charge  Trial run Follow-up Stage  Establishment of billing system and revenue collection  Proper maintenance and reporting from WATSAN committee to BWSSB

11. Availability  Ensuring enough service availability by construction of backbone infrastructure  Water supply service improved from every second day to everyday  Water consumption increased from 74.5 liter/capita/day to 120 liter/capita/day Accessibility  From public tap to house connection Affordability  Reduction of connection charge and water tariff for slum dwellers to affordable level based on Willingness to Pay survey Quality / Safety  Everyday check of water quality by BWSSB and cross-check by independent laboratories every month Acceptability  Design of water supply and sewerage facilities is decided to be fit into the needs of each slum after the detailed social survey; public washing space, public toilet, shared connection, bulk meter supply, etc. 11 Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India

12. Non- discrimination  Ensuring equity in access to the entire population irrespective of caste, class and gender Participation  Inclusive participation of stakeholders including slum dwellers by Project Coordinating Committee and WATSAN Committee Accountability  Clear setup of implementing structure  Monitoring and reporting by WATSAN Committee Impact  Covering 360 slums in the city Sustainability  Scope of Works also includes management improvement of BWSSB such as reduction of NRW, enhancement of customer relations and human resources development to ensure sustainability. 12 Case i Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India

13. 13 Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal Hand pumpPiped water supply system with electric pump Inclusive Community Participation by the Project on the Safe Water and Support of Community Activities with Ministry of Hydraulics in Senegal (1) Construction of water supply systems (2) Improvement of maintenance system (3) Support for sanitation improvement and awareness activities (4) Promotion of community activities

14. 14 Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal Institutional Framework Community participation through ASUFOR (Association des Usagers de Forage) under the National Policy (PEPAM 2015 ： Programme d’eau potable et d’assainnisment du millenaire)  Operation and maintenance by community through ASUFOR  Water sale by volume  Transparent management of water supply systems Before 1996 ☹ ☹ O&M by the state ☹ Lump sum payment of water fees ☹ No transparency ☹ No bank account ☹ No management documents ☹ Conflicts between users and leaders ☹ Frequent interruptions of system operation due to lack of fuel After 1996 ☺ Sharing of maintenance and renewal cost by the state and the users ☺ Water sale by volume ☺ Possibility to apply for a credit ☺ Involvement of the private sector in the management and maintenance of stations

15. 15 Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal Facilities Improvement Financial assistance (grant aid)  Installation and rehabilitation of water supply facilities (120 locations)  Hand pumps / Piped water supply systems with electric pumps  Strengthening of repair centers  Providing access to safe water for more than 350,000 villagers

16. 16 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 1 Establishment of maintenance system Activity 4 Community Development Proper management of committees Appropriate use of water Stable safe water supply Capacity Development for ASUFOR

17. 17 Training and retraining of borehole operators Installation of water meters Construction of 3 training centres ACTIVITY 1 : Technical Maintenance - Preparation of specific technical documents and operation guidelines for each station - Inventory of all the maintenance companies in the region - Conclusion of 16 maintenance contracts between the ASUFORs and local private companies

18. 18 ACTIVITY 2 : Organizing the Users General assemblyExecutive boardExecutive committee - Democracy and transparency in management (election of board and committee members every 2 years, accounting audit, two bank accounts for daily operation cost and reserve for repair respectively, etc.) - Involvement of the various categories of users and strengthening of ethnic intermingling and social cohesion - Acceptance of water sale by volume and saving in preparation for repair

19. 19 ACTIVITY 3 : Appropriate use of water Operation guidelines for groundwater monitoring Sensitisation on hygiene and water related diseases Water saving irrigation techniques - Improvement of hygiene and awareness of the risk of water related diseases - Use of water saving irrigation techniques like drip Irrigation - Monitoring of groundwater resources: quality and quantity

20. 20 ACTIVITY 4 : Community development Market gardening Poultry houses Forage growing Cattle feeding - Introduction of income generating activities, contributing to poverty reduction and empowerment of the communities Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal

21. 21  Project manuals and documents are translated into local languages.  Picture-story show and audio-visual aids are used.  Equal involvement of all existing ethnic groups is promoted.  Inclusion of users living outside the limits of the water supply system’s network Inclusive approach to community Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal

22. 22  Participation to discussion and decision making  Improvement of transparency  Enhancement of information disclosure Involvement of women  Social and gender survey at project sites  Willingness of participation by women was confirmed.  Training to government staff on gender consideration  Meeting time, place and timing conducive to women’s participation  Half of ASUFOR executive board members and 1/3 of executive committee members should be women.  Attendance rate of women were monitored. Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal

23. 23 Access to sanitation Construction of latrine Awareness campaign for  Necessity of using safe water  Effect of unhygienic condition and polluted water  Sanitation  Appropriate method of water storage and usage at household  Keeping hygienic living environment, etc. Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal

24. 24 Capacity development of all levels  Strengthening of government staff’s capacity in ASUFOR animation through training, OJT, coordination, etc.  Establishment and strengthening of ASUFOR at community level  Training of focal points for hygiene education  For latrine construction, local contractors capacity are improved and village people get household latrines constructed without any form of financial support  Capacity building for area mechanics  Establish inclusive network among ASUFOR, administrative agencies and private sectors  Donor coordination Central Government Local branches Local centers Communities

25. Availability  Ensuring enough service availability by construction of water supply facilities  Water supply service for everyday  35 liter/capita/day Accessibility  Within 250m to public tap  Considering access of satellite villages (involvement of satellite villagers to ASUFOR, pipe extension, water station for water cart) Affordability  Setting water tariff to affordable level based on discussion in each community Quality / Safety  Providing safe groundwater complying with national standard based on WHO guideline Acceptability  Following local design standard decided by the Senegalese government  Water point for livestock animals 25 Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal

26. Non- discrimination  Ensuring equity in access to the entire population irrespective of ethnic group and gender  Election of board and committee members Participation  Inclusive participation of community including women by ASUFOR Accountability  Water sales by volume  Information disclosure to community  Using bank account and accounting audit  Monitoring and reporting Impact  Providing access to safe water for more than 350,000 villagers  Community empowerment Sustainability  Alignment to the national policy  Established ASUFOR model  Dissemination to other villages by the Senegalese government started.  Awareness and activity level of ASUFOR varies in different villages. 26 Case ii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Senegal

27. 27 THANK YOU Contact: Shigeyuki MATSUMOTO Matsumoto.Shigeyuki@jica.go.jp