1. By: Jackson, Hudson, Kelly, Laura SOLUTIONS FOR SUDAN/DARFUR

2.  Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea  Geographic Coordinates: 15 00 N, 30 00 E  Area: land: 2.376 million sq km water: 129,813 sq km  Bordering Countries: Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

3.  Coastline: 853 km  Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)  Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north

4. Land Use:  arable land: 6.78%  permanent crops: 0.17%  other: 93.05% (2005)  Natural Hazards: dust storms and periodic persistent droughts  Geography: largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries

5.  Birth Rate: 33.74 births/1,000 population  Death Rate: 12.94 deaths/1,000 population  Migration Rate: 0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population  Infant Mortality Rate:  Total: 82.43 deaths/1,000 live births 82.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 82.37 deaths/1,000 live births  Life Expectancy: total population: 51.42 years male: 50.49 years

6.  Major Diseases: degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds

7.  Nationalities: Sudanese  Ethnic Groups: black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%  Religions: Sunni Muslim 70%, Christian 5%, indigenous beliefs 25%  Languages: Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages  Literacy:  total population: 61.1%  male: 71.8%  female: 50.5%  Education: 6% of GDP

8.  Government: Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in 1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates national elections in 2009  Capital: Khartoum geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E  Independence: 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)

9.  Darfur is a located in west central Sudan  During the 18th and 19th centuries, Darfur flourished as a slave- trading state  After 1838, its sultans experienced steady erosion of their authority at the hands of slave traders.  In 1830 Darfur began to experience some trouble as the traders were Nubians of the Nile region called Jallaba.  In 1870, Darfur was conquered by Rabiyh Zubayr, a Jallaba general  After a Mahdist rule it regained independence  Darfur was again conquered by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

10.  The conflict in Darfur began in 1993, when rebels accused the government for neglecting all of Darfur.  So far over 300,000 people have died because of war between the rebels and the government.  Violence has forced over 2.7 millonm people to flee there homes and leve every thing behind.

11.  Sudans president has been accused of using Arab militarie, known as Janjaweed, to stop revolt.  In 2006, one of the three rebel groups signed a peace agreement in May. “Relief agencies say the violence makes it difficult to deliver aid in parts of Darfur”

12. Solution 1: Sudan seeks help from other countries to raise money and rebuild their government. Solution 2: Sudan makes a treaty with the government to rebuild the government.

13.  Griffeth, Robert R. "Darfur." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2010. Grolier Online. 15 Feb. 2010.  "Darfur conflict." 17-03-2009: 1. Web. 17 Feb 2010.  "Africa: Sudan." CIA Fact Book. CIA. Web. 17 Feb. 2010..https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the- world-factbook/geos/su.html  "What Has Happened in Darfur?." Save Darfur. Web. 18 Feb 2010..

14.  Preble, Christopher A. "A Regional Solution for Darfur." The Cato Institute. July 19, 2004. 16 Feb 2010 http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=2744 http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=2744  "Sudan's Darfur Conflict." BBC News (2010): 1. Web. 16 Feb 2010..http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3496731.stm  Sudan—Darfur: Humanitarian Profile—November 2007,” United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs November 2007.

15.  The International Committee of the Red Cross. “Recurrent Violence Remains the Primary Concern for Darfurians.” 9 August 2007.  Edith M. Lederer, “UN Says Darfur Conflict Worsening, with Perhaps 300,000 Dead, ”Associated Press 22 April 2008.  "Sudan." Sudan. Web. 2 Feb. 2010. http://www.sudan.net/  "Sudan." Web. 5 Feb. 2010..http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107996.h tml

16.  "Sudan Country Profile." BBC News. BBC News, 3 Feb. 2010. Web. 10 Feb. 2010..http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/coun try_profiles/820864.stm  Addario, Lynsey. "Sudan." New York Times. Nwe York Tmes, 20 Oct. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2010..http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/internation al/countriesandterritories/sudan/index.html  "Background Note:Sudan." U.S Department of State. U.S Department of State, Nov. 2009. Web. 7 Feb. 2010..http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5424.htm

17.  "What Has Happened in Darfur?." Save Darfur. Web. 18 Feb 2010..