1. Brought to you by: Smooth Operation Chris Kitt, Brenda Marcum, Jacob Oliver, Michael Roth, and Andrew Yuan

2.  Minimally invasive abdominal surgery  Multiple ports for tools – separate one for laparoscope Current Laparoscopic Process

3.  Eliminate one port by incorporating the camera onto the tool port  More convenient for surgical team - fewer hands required and viewable screen  Less traumatic for patient

4.  Combine current laparoscope with current surgical instrument to eliminate one port  Minimize camera module size, while maintaining speed and resolution  High resolution image displayed on LCD panel  Minimal wires – hopefully completely wireless and battery powered  Incorporate data storage device for later viewing

5.  10 mm max diameter for camera module  640x480 resolution  30 fps  LCD screen  LED lighting with imager  All wired connections  AC power

6.  Battery powered – supplement with AC (2-2.5 hr run time)  6 mm max diameter of camera module  Higher resolution  Wireless  Stream video data to external monitor  Screen shot capability  SD onboard storage  Enable touch screen features

7.  Multi-camera interface – split screen  Motorized camera module  Time display  Audio features  Wireless transmission to external monitor  Foot pedal  4 mm maximum diameter of camera module  Wireless storage to external device

8. Microcontroller w/ISI and LCD controller Camera (0V7690) SD Card VGA LCD Display LED(s) Top View Rechargeable Battery Battery Charger Controller

9. ATMEL AT32AP7000 32bit AVR

10.  Connected via SCCB (I 2 C) and 8 parallel data lines  Camera takes 640x480 @ 30fps and sends it to the Image sensor interface on the microcontroller.  Microcontroller controls imager via SCCB connection. Microcontroller w/ISI and LCD controller Camera (0V7690)

11.  Connected via GPIO, possibly buffered with MOSFET or BJT to supply additional power  Each LED is connected through a buffer to a general I/O pin on the Microcontroller. ◦ Allows touch screen to control LED through microcontroller, ideal for saving power and adjustable brightness.  LED will be selected for maximum efficiency and brightness. Don’t want to burn patient and want lots of illumination. Microcontroller w/ISI and LCD controller LED(s)

12.  Connected via Microcontroller LCD interface.  Microcontroller takes data from imager and displays it on the LCD in VGA format.  Microcontroller takes button presses from LCD and performs desired operations, ie toggling LEDs, screenshots, etc  Utilizes RGB parallel input with 18 bits of color  VGA standards (480x640 @ 30 fps) Microcontroller w/ISI and LCD controller VGA LCD Display

13.  SD Card viable option for video storage and retrieval  Uses standard SPI interface to communicate  Uses FAT32 storage system  SD interface built into processor  Easy to find documentation on SD interface SD Card Microcontroller w/ISI and LCD controller

16.  Microprocessor Options ◦ BGA vs. Quad Flatpack ◦ Smaller/less features vs. timing issues ◦ Other alternatives available  Long BGA layout turn-around time  Unfamiliar Technology ◦ PCB layout ◦ Eval. Board coding vs. prelim. Demo board coding

17. Top View Microcontroller w/ISI (OV530-B49) Camera (0V7690) SD Card VGA LCD Display LED(s) LCD controller (Epson S1D13513)

18. Top View Microcontroller W/LCD controller (NXP LPC2158 ARM7) Camera (0V7690) SD Card VGA LCD Display LED(s) Image Sensor Controller (Atmel 32-bit Image Sensor interface)

19. Top View Microcontroller Camera (0V7690) SD Card VGA LCD Display LED(s) Image Sensor Controller (Atmel 32-bit Image Sensor interface) LCD controller (Epson S1D13513)

20.  Schedule Uncertainty ◦ Enough time to learn how to store data, battery operable, etc. ◦ Prototype completed by the beginning of March?  Component Risks ◦ Expensive Eval. Board ◦ Sensor frame rate and resolution vs. size  Questionable Feasibility ◦ Low level objectives seem obtainable ◦ Can we make our mid/high level objectives?

21.  Over 2 million laparoscopic surgeries performed each year  New laparoscopic surgeries are being introduced as technology improves  6 million Trocar used each year

22.  Patient’s Point of View ◦ Cheaper  $1,000 less than open surgery ◦ Quicker Recovery  Hospital stay is 1/4 th the time of open surgery ◦ Post operative pain is less ◦ Reduced infection rate

23.  Surgeon’s Point of View ◦ Longer operative times ◦ Expensive equipment ◦ Requires extra surgical training ◦ More complicated surgery  1 in 2000 patients suffer vascular injuries  17% of vascular injuries are fatal  Average surgical malpractice lawsuit = $222,285

24.  Make laparoscopic surgery more appealing to surgeon ◦ Efficient  Faster Operative Times ◦ Easier  Fewer mistakes  Less Surgical training ◦ Safer  Less Crowded Operating Room

26. Currently ItemQuantityCostUsesTotal Total per Surgery Trocar4$701$280 Endoscope1$8,00050$8,000$160 Video System1$3,75050$3,750$75 Total$12,030$515 Trocascope XC2000 ItemQuantityCostUsesTotal Total per Surgery Trocar Port3$1001$300 Display3$1,00050$3,000$60 Total$3,300$360

27.  Biomedical Waste ◦ 6 Million Trocar used and disposed each year ◦ Removing 1 Trocar per surgery reduces number by 1-2 million  Potential for Reusability is important

28.  Part Availability ◦ All parts can be obtained from variety of different vendors  Maintenance ◦ Trocar are eventually disposed ◦ Data storage device  Support ◦ Training ◦ Setting up data storage

29. PartCost CMOS SensorFREE CMOS Sensor Dev BoardFREE LED$15 LCD display with touchscreen$95 Microcontrollers and associated electronics$100 Microcontroller Dev Board$500 Rechargeable battery$15 Mechanical Components$20 Support Components$20 Trocar Mechanical Assembly Labor$10 PCB's$200-$300 SD Card$25 Total: $1,000 - $1,100

30.  Component tolerances may have effect on image quality  Testing ◦ Development Board ◦ Processor on a simple PCB  Regulations ◦ FDA ◦ FCC

31.  Laparoscopic Surgery ◦ Dangerous Instruments ◦ Complex Procedure ◦ Crowded workspace ◦ Exposure to patient blood  Our Goal ◦ Reduce Complexity ◦ Less Crowded

32.  Safer, more efficient surgeries  Reduce number of assistants required for surgery  Potential for cheaper surgery  3 rd world surgery potential