1. WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….?
THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED IT ALL UP, WE CANNOT QUICKLY GET MORE. STUDIES REVEAL THAT THE EXISTING SUPPLIES WILL RUN OUT IN 50 YEARS TIME. SO ISN’T IT HIGH TIME TO THINK “WHAT IF IT FINISHES……?”

2. Petroleum or crude oil
Crude oil or petroleum is a fossil fuel found in the earth’s crust. Millions of years ago, small animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered by mud.
The mud eventually turned to rocks. This rock put a lot pressure on the dead animals and plants. Rocks around them also heated them up. Together the heat and pressure turned the remains into crude oil.

3. OIL RIG
This crude oil cannot float upwards as the rocks are not porous. So they get trapped there beneath the rocks.
So oil rigs are used to draw the oil to the surface.

4. OIL RIG IN THE ARABIAN SEA
One such oil rig is in the Arabian sea

5. ONGC OIL PLATFORM
The largest oil production in India is operated by ONGC – Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

6. LOGO OF ONGC

7. OIL FIELD IN KUWAIT
The gulf countries have the largest resource of petroleum.
One such oil field at Kuwait is shown here.

8. REFINERY PLANT

9. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OR PETROLEUM REFINING
Once the crude oil is extracted out it is subjected to a process known as refining or fractional distillation of petroleum.

10. REFINING
Refining of petroleum yields many useful products like LPG, petrol, kerosene, diesel, grease, wax, naphthalene, bitumen etc

11. VEHICLES THAT RUN ON FUELS
Fuels like petrol and diesel are used as fuels in vehicles.
Jet planes use kerosene as fuel as kerosene burns safely without explosion.

12. BITUMEN USED TO LAY ROADS
Bitumen or tar is used to lay roads.

13. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Petroleum products are also used in perfumes, disinfectants , nail polish etc

14. CNG-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
Compressed Natural Gas is another important by product obtained during refining of petroleum. It is a cleaner fuel than petrol or diesel as it releases less amount of carbon dioxide.

15. PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES
Oil fields in India are lacated at Mumbai, Gujrat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan etc.

16. India’s first oil field
The first oil field was sunk at Digboi in Assam.

17. Oil fields in India
Bombay High that is off coast of Mumbai and run by ONGC is the largest producer of oil in India. It was first sunk in 1974.
Mangala area in Rajasthan was sunk in 1999.
Panna – Mukta Oil field is yet another oil field in Mumbai.

18. Prices of fuels
With rising demands for fuels, the prices of fuels has also risen.
Current prices ( approx) of a few common fuels are
Petrol – Rs 70/ litre
Diesel – Rs 50 /litre
CNG – Rs 39/Kg