1. Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases Bond Moments and Dipole Moments Formal Charge Resonance Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Lewis Acid/Base

2. Pauling Electronegativity Scale

3. Electronegativity Trends Ability to Attract the Electrons in a Covalent Bond

4. Electrostatic Potential Map Cholormethane

6. Opposite polarity in CH 3 Li

7. Methanol

8. Dipole Moment (  ) is sum of the Bond Moments

9. Nonpolar Compounds Bond Moments Cancel Out

10. NCl 3 and BCl 3

11. Nitromethane

12. Nitromethane has 2 Formal Charges

13. Bonding Pattens for C, N, and O

14. Common Cationic, Neutral and Anionic Forms

15. Both Resonance Structures Contribute to the Actual Structure

16. Dipole Moment reflects Both Resonance Structures

17. Curved Arrow Formalism Shows flow of electrons

18. Resonance Rules Cannot break single (sigma) bonds Only electrons move, not atoms 3 possibilities: –Lone pair of e - to adjacent bond position Forms  bond  bond to adjacent atom  bond to adjacent bond position

19. Resonance Stabilization of Ions Pos. charge is “delocalized”

20. Two Nonequivalent Resonance Structures in Formaldehyde

21. Resonance in Acetate Anion

22. Resonance in [CH 2 NH 2 ] +

23. Definitions of Acids/Bases

24. Dissociation in H 2 O Arrhenius Acid forms H 3 O + Bronsted-Lowry Acid donates a H +

25. Resonance Stabilization

26. Measuring Acid Strength Ka

28. Acid Strength defined by pK a

29. Stronger Acid Controls Equilibrium

30. Reaction Described with Arrows

32. Equilibrium Reactions

33. Acids Can React with Water

34. The Effect of Resonance on pKa

35. Identify the Acid and Base

36. Equilibrium Favors Reactants

37. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

38. Propanol is a Base

39. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

40. Propanol is an Acid

41. Some Acid-Base Reactions

43. Carboxylic Acids can be Separated from non-acidic Compounds

44. Lewis Acids and Bases

45. Lewis Acid and Base Reactions

46. Lewis Base = Nucleophile Lewis Acid = Electrophile

47. Draw the Acid-Base Complexes