3.  Structural = Build the body (skin, hair, muscle, blood)  Enzymes = speed up, slow down, start, or stop cellular/chemical reactions (usually end in –ase)

4. DNA → Proteins → Traits Controls the _production_ of Controls the _expression_ of How do we get to the “who” we are?

5.  Trait – a specific characteristic like eye color, or height that varies from one individual to another.  Variation – the _version_ that an organism can inherit of a trait. Traits vs Variations

6. _Variation_ Of a Trait Differences Within a _Protein_ → Results In

7.  Trait = Eye color  Variation

8.  Trait = Hair Color  Variation

9.  Trait = Skin Color  Variation

10.  Proteins are made up of repeating units (MONOMERS) called amino acids. All amino acids have a similar basic structure. PROTEINS

11.  There are only _20_ different amino acids.  A protein may contain anywhere from 50 to 5,000 amino acids. Amino Acids = Protein building blocks

15. Glucose can be changed back into some amino acids IF certain nitrogen-containing molecules are available. HOWEVER, there are 8 necessary aa that cannot be synthesized in human cells so they have to be ingested in your diet. B/C of this they are called essential amino acids: Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine

16.  A different _number_ and/or _sequence_ of amino acids results in a different protein.

17. 3 parts to an amino acid: 1. Amine Group = -NH 2 2. Carboxyl Group = -COOH 3. R Group = this is the functional group; the part that determines which amino acid you have.

18.  Amino Acids are linked together by _peptide_ bonds. What determines which protein will be made in the end?

19. Formation of a Dipeptide Dehydration synthesis

20. Amino Acid + Amino Acid --> Dipeptide Amino Acid + Dipeptide --> Tripeptide A.A. + A.A. + …..+ Tripeptide --> Polypeptide/Protein

21. WHAT VARIATION of TRAITS DO YOU HAVE?

22. EYE COLOR http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm

23. HAIR COLOR/TEXTURE http://faculty.washington.edu/~chudler/gif/hairch.gif

24. FEMALE OR MALE? http://www.angelbabygifts.com/

25. WIDOW’S PEAK Dominant http://facstaff.uww.edu/wentzl/geneticsfeb02.html

26. TONGUE ROLLING http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/tongroll.html Homozygous recessives- non rollers

27. FRECKLES http://chantelsimmons.blogspot.com/2007/07/tuesday-tuck-shop.html http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Freckled.jpg

28. DIMPLES/CLEFT CHIN Dominant Images from: http://www.uni.edu/walsh/cleft.jpg http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Image:Kirk-douglas-big-trees02.jpg http://www.imdb.com/media/rm1270258944/nm0000237 https://kyberia.sk/id/3591050/3

29. Bend finger at top joint? http://toadandmo.blogspot.com/2007/08/mos-hidden-talent.html

30. HITCHHIKER’S THUMB =homozygous recessive Images from: http://www.ncrtec.org/tl/camp/gene/thumbs.htm

31. LONG 2 nd TOE Dominant http://www.uni.edu/walsh/genetics.html

32. ATTACHED EAR LOBES homozygous recessive = attached http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/genetics_puzzle.html

33. Touch your nose with your tongue? Images from: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/252/526385891_643b1b1420.jpg?v=0 http://picasaweb.google.com/angelinachristalpina/ChristmasClothes02#5146686361494213122

34. COLOR BLINDNESS RED-green colorblindness most common 8% of males & 0.5% females http://www.planetperplex.com/img/colorblind.jpg

35.  What controls the production of proteins?  What determines which protein is made?  What controls the expression of traits?