1. Protein Synthesis Review

2. A codon consist of…. Three consecutive nitrogen bases of mRNA. One codon translates into 1 amino acid.

3. A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called… A mutation.

4. What nitrogen bases are found in DNA? Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Adenine (A)

5. What nitrogen bases are found in mRNA? Cytosine Guanine Adenine Uracil

6. What are the differences between DNA and mRNA? DNA is double stranded and mRNA is single stranded. DNA cannot leave the nucleus and mRNA can leave the nucleus. DNA has Thymine and mRNA has Uracil. DNA has deoxyribose sugar and mRNA has ribose sugar.

7. What types of living things contain DNA? All living things. Plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, protists.

8. What amino acid does the codon CAC translate to? Histine

9. What amino acid does the codon AAU translate to? ASN

10. Complete the following DNA sequence: 5’ ACCTCGAAT 3’ 3’ TGGAGCTTA 5’

11. What process is shown in the diagram? What is it’s function? DNA replication The function of replication is to produce an exact copy of DNA for cell reproduction. This process ensures consistency.

12. What holds the complementary nitrogen bases together on a DNA molcule? Hydrogen bonds

13. What shape is DNA? Double helix Double stranded Twisted ladder

14. What is the function of DNA? Carries the code for the information for what proteins will be made by the cell.

15. What is the function of a ribosome? To translate mRNA into a protein. Synthesize protein.

16. A change in the DNA code is called a… Mutation Mutations can occur naturally or be caused by a mutagen like UV rays. Mutations increase genetic diversity when they cause a positive change in the organism. Mutations can cause genetic diseases. Mutations may have no effect at all.

17. A piece of DNA that is transcribed onto mRNA and translated into a protein is called…. An exon. Exons are expressed.

18. DNA that does not transcribe and code for protein is called… An intron. Introns are left in the nucleus.

19. What mRNA bases would complement the following DNA strand? ATTCCGATCATC UAAGGCUAGUAG

20. What molecule carries DNA’s message to the ribosome? mRNA

21. What is being produced in this diagram? A protein A polypeptide chain This process is translation

22. What is the function of the figure in the diagram? Carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. tRNA’s anticodon matches to the mRNA’s codon and assembles amino acids in the correct order to produce a protein.