1. Section 3

2.  The English and French created rival empires in North America.  The competition between these two European empires often led to war.  The largest of these was known as the French and Indian War.

3.  The French claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi valley, and the Great Lakes region.  They also claimed Louisiana.  All these lands were known as New France.

5.  The English and French competed in the fur trade.  Native Americans also competed with one another.  The fur trade caused economic and military alliances between the Europeans and Native Americans.

6.  The Ohio River valley was a good place for fur traders.  It was claimed by France and England.  More and more English began to arrive and the French feared they would lose this area.

7.  The French sent troops to kick out the English traders.  This upset the colony of Virginia and they sent a young soldier named George Washington to tell the French to leave.

8.  Washington and his troops surprised a French force and attacked them.  More French soldiers arrived and forced Washington to return to Virginia.  The French and Indian War had begun.

9.  Many Indian tribes sided with the French.  The English colonies had a difficult time uniting against the French.  The first plan to unite called the Albany Plan of Union was rejected.

10.  Most tribes sided with the French: Abenaki, Lenni Lenape, Shawnee, Huron, Algonquin The Iroquois Confederacy allied with the British: Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca

11.  The British sent General Braddock and 2,100 soldiers to kick the French out of the Ohio Valley.  They were surprise attacked by the French and Indians.  Braddock lost his life and half of his men.

12.  The British had refused to listen to their Indian allies on how to fight.  It took the British two years to recover from the defeat.

13.  In 1757, Britain had a new Secretary of State, William Pitt.  William Pitt borrowed money to pay for more troops.  He also sent the best generals to America to fight.

14.  In 1759, the British were able to capture Quebec after winning the Battle of Quebec.  This was the turning point of the war.  The rest of Canada fell into British hands.

15.  The war ended in 1763 when the Treaty of Paris was signed.  The treaty gave almost all French North American lands to the British.

16.  The British moved west into former French territory that was still owned by the Indians.  The Indians responded by attacking the British armies and killing many families.  This was known as Pontiac’s Rebellion.

17.  The British responded by killing thousands of Native Americans.  They even gave some tribes smallpox-infested blankets.

18.  In the end, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763.  This forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

19.  The colonists were angry at the Proclamation of 1763 and ignored it.  The British government became increasingly angry with the colonists.  The American colonists began to unify against British authority.