1. The Planner’s Role in Urban Water Conservation Philip Stoker Robin Rothfeder PhD students, City and Metropolitan Planning University of Utah Stephanie Duer Water Conservation Programs Manager Salt Lake City Public Utilities

2. Population Growth * Percent change in population 2010-2013, U.S. Census Bureau

3. Drought National Drought Mitigation Center September 23 rd 2014

4. Water Management and Conservation Goals - meet future demand - withstand drought - cheaper and less impactful than large water supply projects State Required Water Conservation Plans (Utah) - population, and supply forecasts - articulate conservation goal - articulate implementation plan - required every 5 years Water Conservation Actions - efficient technology i.e. soil moisture sensors - education i.e. “slow the flow” - tiered rates - demonstration gardens - others

5. City Planning and Conservation Statewide Initiatives : Envision Utah: conserve water resources State Water Strategy Advisory Team Regional Planning : Federal Mandate for MPO’s to exist for transportation planning Municipal Master Plans (Salt Lake City Central Community) - investigate ways to encourage and reward conservation water use - ensure that city properties are managed for efficient water use - serve as an example of water-wise landscaping - consider policies to promote further conservation and decrease water waste Municipal Ordinances (Denver Colorado) - duty of the owner….to maintain vegetation. - prohibit restrictive covenants requiring turf grasses

6. What is the planner’s role in urban water conservation? Can planners predict water use? How does the design of cities affect water conservation? Are there planning strategies that can be employed to aid water conservation?

7. Predictors of Water Use

8. People Place Design

9. Predictors of Water Use Public Utility Data: monthly water use Tax Assessors Data: lot size, assessed value, number of bathrooms etc. PRISM Climate Data: precipitation and temperature Remote Sensing: Calculate turf, canopy, and impervious surface cover. People Place Design

10. Databases Salt Lake City Public Utilities : 90,000+ connections Monthly water use Service type Parcel ID

11. Databases Tax Assessors Data : 300,000+ parcels Number of bathrooms, bedrooms, acres, taxed value, lot size Parcel ID

14. Building the Database 2011 Parcels (GIS) Public Utilities Assessors Database PRISM Climate Data Unit of Analysis Remote Sensing

15. What is the planner’s role in urban water conservation? Can planners predict water use? How does the design of cities affect water conservation? Are there planning strategies that can be employed to aid water conservation?

16. Modeling Water Use, Household Scale Stoker and Rothfeder, 2014

17. Area Median Household Income, 2010 UT Community Data Project http://weave.ucdp.utah.edu/weave.html?fi le=HH_Income_SaltLakeCounty.xml

18. White Population, 2010 UT Community Data Project http://weave.ucdp.utah.edu/weave.html?fi le=Race_Ethnic_SaltLakeCounty.xml

19. Hispanic Population, 2010 UT Community Data Project http://weave.ucdp.utah.edu/weave.html?fi le=Race_Ethnic_SaltLakeCounty.xml

20. Black Population, 2010 UT Community Data Project http://weave.ucdp.utah.edu/weave.html?fi le=Race_Ethnic_SaltLakeCounty.xml

21. Impervious Land Cover

22. Turfgrass Land Cover

23. Water Use

24. Comparison Water Use, by ZIP Code (in gallons) Rothfeder et al., ACSP, 2014 ZIP Total Annual Water Use Per Capita Water Use (gpcd) Ave. Monthly Indoor Water Use Ave. Monthly Outdoor Water Use Median Household Income Total Parcel Value Lot Size (Acres) Turf Cover (Acres) Turf Fraction 84109 193,126.141195,938.2317,409.62$70,677$445,638.260.2650.094 35.59% 84108 168,835.201055,560.3914,587.21$76,053$399,973.230.2210.072 32.45% 84106 110,814.53664,421.058,251.70$52,978$228,799.220.1600.045 27.93% 84105 104,669.75634,429.757,358.97$59,616$281,849.530.1440.038 26.46% 84102 97,236.85524,914.215,466.62$35,286$220,597.470.1230.029 23.78% 84115 76,437.60344,152.953,800.32$34,433$156,105.510.1260.038 30.19% 84111 74,627.71364,235.173,400.81$26,187$155,077.300.1110.030 26.61%

25. Modeling Water Use, Census Block Scale Rothfeder et al., ACSP, 2014

26. What is the planner’s role in urban water conservation? Can planners predict water use? How does the design of cities affect water conservation? Are there planning strategies that can be employed to aid water conservation?

27. “Water policies and urban growth policies must be better coordinated to promote more sustainable water use and ‘smarter’ urban growth. Planning is the link.” Lucero and Tarlock, 2003. p. 804

28. Collaborators