1. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com CCNA 1 Chapter 6, Part 1 Ethernet Technologies By Your Name

2. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com Objectives 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet

3. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com Ethernet Family Tree

4. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 10 Mbps Ethernet 10BASE-5, 10BASE-2, and 10BASE-T Ethernet are considered Legacy Ethernet. The four common features of Legacy Ethernet are timing parameters, frame format, transmission process, and a basic design rule.

5. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 10BASE-5 10BASE-5 systems also represent a single point of failure. 10BASE-5 uses Manchester encoding. Each of the maximum 5 segments of thick coax may be up to 500 meters in length. The cable is large, heavy, and difficult to install.

6. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 10BASE-2 10BASE-2 also uses Manchester encoding. Only 1 station can transmit at a time; otherwise a collision will occur. It uses half duplex. The maximum transmission rate is 10 Mbps. There may be up to 30 stations on any individual 10BASE-2 segment.

7. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 10BASE-T 10BASE-T also uses Manchester encoding. 10BASE-T uses cheaper and easier-to-install Category 3 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) copper cable rather than coax cable. Half duplex or full duplex is a configuration choice. 10BASE-T carries 10 Mbps of traffic in half- duplex mode and 20 Mbps in full-duplex mode.

8. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 10BASE-T Wiring and Architecture 10BASE-T links generally consist of a connection between the station and a hub or switch.

9. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 100 Mbps 100 Mbps Ethernet is also known as Fast Ethernet. The two technologies that became important are 100BASE-TX, which is copper UTP based, and 100BASE-FX, which is multimode optical fiber based.

10. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 1000BASE-TX 100BASE-TX uses 4B/5B encoding, which is then scrambled and converted to multilevel transmit-3 levels or MLT-3.

11. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 1000BASE-FX A fiber version desired for backbone applications as well as connections between floors and buildings where copper is less desirable, and also in high noise environments

12. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com Fast Ethernet Architecture

13. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 1000 Mbps and 10 Gigabit Ethernet

14. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 1000 Mbps Ethernet The 1000 Mbps Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet standards represent transmission using both fiber and copper media. The 1000BASE-X standard (IEEE 802.3z) specifies a 1-Gbps full duplex over optical fiber. The 1000BASE-T standard (IEEE 802.3ab) uses a media of Category 5 or higher UTP. 1000BASE-TX, 1000BASE-SX, and 1000BASE- LX use the same timing parameters.

15. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 1000BASE-T 1000BASE-T standard is interoperable with 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. 1000BASE-T uses all 4 pairs of wires instead of the traditional 2 pairs of wires used by 10BASE- T and 100BASE-TX. –This provides 250 Mbps per pair. With all 4 wire pairs, this provides the desired 1000 Mbps.

16. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 1000BASE-SX and LX

17. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com Gigabit Ethernet Architecture Daisy-chaining, star, and extended star topologies are all allowed. It is recommended that all links between a station and a hub or switch be configured for autonegotiation to permit the highest common performance.

18. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 10 Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.3ae was adapted to include 10-Gbps full-duplex transmission over fiber-optic cable. When using single-mode fiber as the transmission medium, the maximum transmission distance is 40 kilometers (25 miles). Some discussions between IEEE members have begun that suggest the possibility of standards for 40-, 80-, and even 100-Gbps Ethernet.

19. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com 10 Gigabit Ethernet Architectures 10 Gigabit Ethernet uses two separate encoding steps. The encoded data provides synchronization, efficient usage of bandwidth, and improved signal-to-noise ratio characteristics. All 10GbE varieties use optical fiber media.

20. Copyright 2003 www.ciscopress.com Future of Ethernet Ethernet has gone through an evolution from Legacy → Fast → Gigabit → MultiGigabit technologies. The future of networking media is threefold: –Copper (up to 1000 Mbps, perhaps more) –Wireless (approaching 100 Mbps, perhaps more) –Optical fiber (currently at 10,000 Mbps and soon to be more)