2. Science Module 7 th Grade

3. Body Systems Circulatory System 7 th Grade Science TAKS 2 TEKS 7.9(A)

4. TAKS Objective 2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the environment – Interdependence occurs among living systems

5. TEKS Science Concept TEKS 7.9 (A) identify the systems of the human organism and describe their functions.

6. Student Prior Knowledge TEKS 6.10 (C) identify how structure complements function at different levels of organization including organ and organ systems.

7. Background

8. Circulatory System Structures Heart Blood Vessels –Arteries –Veins –Capillaries Blood

9. Circulatory System Function The overall function of the circulatory system is to transport materials throughout the body toward and away from particular target organs and tissues.

10. Two Pathways Pulmonary Circulation –Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart Systemic Circulation –Carries blood to body and back to the heart

11. Capillaries of head and arms Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Inferior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung

12. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation 3 types of vessels 3 types of vessels –Arteries –Capillaries –Veins

13. Artery vs. Vein

14. Arteries: carries blood way from heart Arteries: carries blood Away from heart –Large –Thick-walled, Muscular –Elastic –Oxygenated blood  Exception Pulmonary Artery –Carried under great pressure –Steady pulsating Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

16. Capillaries –Smallest vessel –Microscopic –Walls one cell thick –Nutrients and gases diffuse here

17. Veins: Veins: Carries blood to heart –Carries blood that contains waste and CO 2  Exception pulmonary vein –Blood not under much pressure –Valves to prevent much gravity pull Venules: larger than capillaries

18. Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins

20. Your Heart: The Vital Pump At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute. At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute. During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute. During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

21. Heart: Structure and Function Keeps blood moving Keeps blood moving Large organ composed of Cardiac muscle Large organ composed of Cardiac muscle

22. Structure of Heart Four chambers Four chambers –Two upper (Atria)  Right Atria  Left Atria –Two lower (Ventricles)  Right Ventricle  Left Ventricle

24. Bloods Path Through the Heart Both Atria fill at same time Both Atria fill at same time –Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body via the vena cavas –Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle

25. Both ventricles contract Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,  against gravity,  through pulmonary arteries

26. Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood  out of heart through  aorta (largest vessel) Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)

28. The Blood Body contains 4-6 L Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Consists of –Water –Red Blood Cells –Plasma –White blood cells and platelets

29. Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of Transporters of –Oxygen –Carbon Dioxide RBC are produced in red bone marrow of RBC are produced in red bone marrow of –ribs, –humerus, –femur, –sternum, and other long bones

30. Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection WBC fight infection –Attack foreign substances Less abundant Less abundant Large cells Large cells

31. Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood Cell fragments Cell fragments Produced in bone marrow Produced in bone marrow Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers) –Form a web trapping blood cells

32. Section 37-2 Blood Clotting Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured. Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

33. Blood Types Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four Types Four Types –A–A–A–A –B–B–B–B –AB –O–O–O–O Inherited from your parents Inherited from your parents

34. Blood Types

35. What happens when you mix blood types? Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING Type O is the universal donor Type O is the universal donor Type AB is the universal acceptor Type AB is the universal acceptor

36. What Makes Our Blood Type?

37. Blood Type of Donor A B AB O Blood Type of Recipient A B AB O Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion Blood Transfusions

38. Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited –Rh + (have antigen) –Rh - (NO antigen) Can cause complications in pregnancies Can cause complications in pregnancies –mother Rh - 1 st baby Rh + : blood mixes with mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh + antibodies –2 nd Rh + body attacks baby –Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation

39. Getting to the Heart of the Matter

40.  ENGAGE 1. Walt Disney’s 1957 “Hemo the Magnificent” 2. Play song from St. Joseph’s Aspirin Commercial (originally in Happy Days episode) at: http://www.stjosephaspirin.com/page.jhtml?id=/stjoseph/include/5_2.inc

41. Lyrics Pump, pump, pumps your Blood. The right atrium’s where the process begins, where the CO2 Blood enters the heart. Through the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery, and lungs. Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon dioxide and picks up its oxygen supply. Then it’s back to the heart through the pulmonary vein, through the atrium and left ventricle. Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.

42.  EXPLORE Circulatory System Simulation

43. Capillaries of head and arms Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Inferior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung

44. EXPLAIN Circulation Coloring Activity 1. Color the path of oxygenated blood red. 2. Color the path of deoxygenated blood blue 3. Label the following structures on the above diagram: Aorta Left AtriaRight Atria Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Lungs Vena Cava Tissues of the BodyCapillaries 4. Use arrows to indicate blood flow direction.

45.  ELABORATE Circulation Relay What is Blood Made of?

47. CANDY RED HOTS 44%: Red Blood Cells (RBCs) - carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around body, RBCs only live for about 3 months but are continuously produced in the bone marrow. CORN SYRUP 55%: Plasma/Water - syrupy, thick, clear, yellowish liquid that carries dissolved food and wastes in water. WHITE JELLY BEANS 1/2%: White Blood Cells (WBCs) - bigger than RBCs, oddly-shaped cells that 'eat' bits of old blood cells and attack germs. CANDY SPRINKLES 1/2%: Platelets - bits of cells and cytoplasm that help your blood clot.

48.  EVALUATE Given a drawing the student will label and describe the functions of the four major parts of the circulatory system: Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. After participating the circulatory relay simulation, the learner will travel the correct circulation pathway beginning at the left ventricle and ending at the left atrium. After participating in the blood activity, the learner will list the following four components of the blood: RBC, WBC, Plasma and Platelets and describe the function of blood.