2. Use of PM Airbase data for Health Impact Assessment - experiences of the APHEIS project - Hans-Guido Mücke WHO Collaborating Centre, Berlin on behalf of the Apheis group EIONET Meeting, 22/23 November 2004 in Oslo Federal Environmental Agency

3. APHEIS A ir P ollution and H ealth: A E uropean I nformation S ystem to Assess the Health Impact of Air Pollution Federal Environmental Agency

4. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS (1999 – 2003) co-funded project of EC DG Sanco ‚Pollution-Related Diseases Programme‘ project built on the experiences and findings of the EC DG Research projects APHEA (1991-1994) / APHEA2 (1995-1998)

5. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS (1999 – 2003) project aimed to create an epidemiological surveillance system of effects of air pollution (SO 2, NO 2, O 3 and PM) on health due to money constraints reduced to: particulate matter (TSP, BS, PM 10 /PM 2.5 ) network of environment and public-health professionals (16 centres totalling 26 cities in 12 European countries)

6. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS centres (1/2) University of Athens, Athens, Greece Institut Municipal de Salut Pública (Municipal Institute of Public Health), Barcelona, Spain Departamento de Sanidad, Gobierno Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Institutul de Sanatate Publica (Institute of Public Health), Bucharest, Romania Jozsef Fodor National Center for Public Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland Saint James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France Inštitut za Varovanje Zdravja RS, (Institute of Public Health), Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia

7. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS centres (2/2) Saint George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejeria de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid (Department of Public Health, Regional Ministry of Health, Madrid Regional Government), Madrid, Spain ASL RM/E Local Health Authority Roma E, Rome, Italy Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (Andalusia School of Public Health), Granada, Spain Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud (Valencia School of Health Studies), Valencia, Spain

8. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS - Network

9. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS-3 Health Impact Assessments – Use of PM data –  WHO/ECEH software AirQ 2.0 (2003) requires data over one calendar year: PM 10 /PM 2.5 data (24h mean values) and data of health effects

10. Federal Environmental Agency

11. Federal Environmental Agency

12. Federal Environmental Agency

13. Federal Environmental Agency

14. Federal Environmental Agency

15. Federal Environmental Agency

16. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS cities (26) (Tel-Aviv, Israel) PM 10 cities (9) Traffic PM 10 cities (2)

17. Federal Environmental Agency PM10 concentrations in 1999 (annual mean, 10 th and 90 th percentiles) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Budapest ( HUN ) Celje ( SLO ) Cracow (POL) Ljubljana ( SLO ) London (UK) Madrid ( ESP ) Rome ( ITA ) Seville ( ESP ) Strasbourg ( FRA ) µg/m 3 2005* 2010* *EClimit values

18. Federal Environmental Agency Potential benefits of reducing annual mean values of PM10 to a level of 20 µg/m³ (number of deaths per 100,000 inhabitants attributable to the chronic effects of PM10) 150 100 50 0 Rate / 100,000 /year Budapest ( HUN ) Celje ( SLO ) Cracow (POL) Ljubljana ( SLO ) London (UK) Madrid ( ESP ) Rome ( ITA ) Seville ( ESP ) Strasbourg ( FRA )

19. Federal Environmental Agency

20. Federal Environmental Agency

21. Federal Environmental Agency Annual mean levels, 5th and 95th percentiles of the distribution of PM 2.5, measured and converted from PM 10

22. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS steering committee Ross Anderson, Saint George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK Emile De Saeger, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy Klea Katsouyanni, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Michal Krzyzanowski, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn Office, Germany Hans-Guido Mücke, Umweltbundesamt - Federal Environmental Agency, WHO Collaborating Centre, Berlin, Germany Joel Schwartz, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA Roel Van Aalst, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark

23. Federal Environmental Agency

24. Federal Environmental Agency

25. Federal Environmental Agency LONDON-BLOOMSBURY 17.12.2001,16,16,14,17,14,14,17,28,33,31,33,37,37,24,29,29,23,22,20,18,16,19,17, 18.12.2001,15,11,13,8,8,7,13,20,28,34,29,32,27,24,46,35,31,34,32,31,32,32,30,27 19.12.2001,31,37,29,26,23,21,22,27,38,40,42,46,39,.,20,19,16,16,20,17,12,17,15,9 20.12.2001,10,10,13,13,14,14,16,20,29,28,34,40,39,29,35,35,31,23,27,30,30,25,22,18 21.12.2001,15,13,14,13,12,9,9,11,16,21,19,25,67,19,30,27,13,11,11,7,9,12,14,12 22.12.2001,11,11,11,9,8,9,9,11,12,14,13,15,17,14,16,18,17,15,16,15,17,15,14,14 23.12.2001,13,13,12,11,12,12,12,12,43,21,19,28,39,22,31,24,20,21,19,17,18,17,14,14 24.12.2001,12,9,9,7,7,8,8,11,44,15,14,38,13,13,16,14,12,12,12,11,10,8,9,9 25.12.2001,6,7,7,7,6,6,6,5,8,6,6,6,6,10,11,8,7,10,11,10,10,12,16,16 26.12.2001,14,14,11,9,7,9,11,9,9,9,11,10,11,9,9,11,12,13,15,16,14,13,15,15 27.12.2001,14,11,10,8,6,4,7,8,9,10,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,15,13,13,12,12,11 28.12.2001,10,10,5,6,5,10,13,14,14,21,20,24,21,21,20,21,22,19,20,21,20,21,22,22 29.12.2001,20,20,17,14,10,10,11,10,13,12,8,10,11,9,12,13,13,14,16,17,17,15,14,12 30.12.2001,12,11,11,9,10,9,10,10,11,14,11,9,9,10,12,19,17,6,16,18,19,21,17,12 31.12.2001,10,10,11,15,14,14,14,15,16,24,17,18,58,22,24,22,21,23,23,23,26,31,33,47 "Raw Data (daily values)" "Particulate matter < 10 µm (ug/m3)" "GB, LONDON, LONDON BLOOMSBURY (CLL2)",1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31 01.01.2001,16,15,20,14,15,17,15,18,34,22,22,21,23,16,.,.,.,.,45,43,24,18,21,24,15,16,19,31,25,17,25 01.02.2001,33,19,12,11,18,21,27,18,26,20,14,19,31,33,60,32,21,22,30,33,21,17,18,16,13,20,22,21 01.03.2001,18,19,23,30,44,40,26,23,19,15,14,13,18,18,23,24,12,10,19,24,26,25,18,16,25,30,29,13,18,19,22 01.04.2001,15,22,15,13,19,24,15,13,16,20,27,23,17,18,8,15,23,14,14,20,18,20,23,25,17,17,17,14,11,19 01.05.2001,18,19,18,21,16,15,17,17,26,40,42,22,25,30,24,13,13,20,20,23,21,19,26,28,36,30,15,17,21,23,16 01.06.2001,16,18,16,21,27,27,14,16,20,13,20,19,27,25,21,14,19,19,26,21,23,22,26,34,45,53,28,20,19,20 01.07.2001,22,27,44,.,.,32,34,19,20,17,36,25,19,18,17,20,.,.,.,18,12,16,18,18,30,32,38,36,33,22,19 01.08.2001,25,27,21,14,12,15,17,15,16,18,16,16,21,22,33,17,16,25,15,20,22,26,51,32,38,39,14,22,32,28,16 01.09.2001,16,13,10,15,20,19,20,16,17,25,42,35,22,19,17,16,18,19,14,24,23,27,21,25,40,39,21,33,20,13 01.10.2001,28,16,25,20,21,20,15,19,21,22,19,34,60,37,25,26,35,31,36,24,13,20,20,23,30,21,21,19,24,32,18 01.11.2001,26,33,47,56,25,24,11,10,16,23,20,16,15,19,27,27,15,11,28,29,19,17,26,22,9,24,16,22,11,13 01.12.2001,10,22,24,21,16,26,30,37,22,31,22,27,20,28,30,16,23,25,25,24,17,13,19,13,8,12,11,17,13,13,22 Source: AIRBASE. Data has been validated by the country of origin. Generated on 02.11.2004

26. Federal Environmental Agency ATHENS-PIRAEUS 14.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 15.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 16.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 17.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 18.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 19.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 20.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 21.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 22.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 23.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 24.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 25.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 26.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 27.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 28.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 29.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 30.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 31.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. "Raw Data (daily values)" "Particulate matter < 10 µm (ug/m3)" "GR, ATHENS, Pireaus - 1 (102)",1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31 01.01.2001,51,47,85,102,113,65,89,81,40,55,68,.,.,.,.,.,.,35,44,48,35,44,86,72,56,49,39,56,51,45,39 01.02.2001,36,44,40,65,77,83,95,104,83,54,44,35,34,62,47,38,57,69,53,38,60,39,43,48,46,80,36,52 01.03.2001,65,33,64,90,137,96,53,40,.,.,.,.,81,53,.,.,.,.,.,72,59,41,47,59,.,81,.,.,65,63,. 01.04.2001,.,.,63,53,73,.,.,.,.,45,27,.,.,.,.,.,50,71,38,52,87,78,31,35,39,42,67,84,67,69 01.05.2001,52,53,126,76,67,58,47,35,45,56,49,50,34,46,45,37,49,49,66,85,56,34,99,54,48,54,40,42,63,80,74 01.06.2001,64,61,53,75,32,32,38,46,54,72,92,70,98,63,67,51,52,.,.,.,.,39,43,44,46,55,52,57,63,59 01.07.2001,50,55,37,53,48,57,46,55,81,53,62,43,49,45,46,68,69,73,54,73,47,38,44,49,48,66,71,74,54,55,62 01.08.2001,46,62,48,37,35,74,93,54,70,73,72,77,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 01.09.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 01.10.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 01.11.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 01.12.2001,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. Source: AIRBASE. Data has been validated by the country of origin. Generated on 02.11.2004

27. Federal Environmental Agency

28. Federal Environmental Agency

29. Federal Environmental Agency

30. Federal Environmental Agency APHEIS vs. AirBase Summary HIA-relevant PM 10 stations used in APHEIS 84 - stations not included in AirBase (26%) 22 stations in AirBase 62 - stat. incl., but no PM 10 data available 14 stations with PM 10 data (general) 48 APHEIS stations with PM 10 data in AirBase 24 for the resp. calendar year 2000/01/02 (29%)

31. Federal Environmental Agency Conclusion 1/2 APHEIS successfully built up an epidemiolog. surveillance network to assess health impacts of PM in 26 European cities (PM 10 : 21 cities) Because at the moment AirBase provides only ~30% of PM 10 data (24h mean values for 2000 to 2002) of selected HIA-relevant APHEIS stations (n=84), epidemiol. projects, such APHEIS, still need to compile AP data directly from respective AQ networks for HIA calculations.

32. Federal Environmental Agency Conclusion 2/2 With a respective support of the participating countries (data delivery) and of EEA, ETC/ACC (easy data access for external users) AirBase could be the most appropriate European air quality data source for projects assessing health impacts of air pollution in the (near) future.

33. Federal Environmental Agency For further information please visit: www.apheis.net