1. The American Civil War 1861-1865
SS8H6: The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.
b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign and March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

2. Homework for February 6, 2013
Writing Prompt Topic:
In a paragraph or more, explain how did Abraham Lincoln’s presidential election of 1860 led to The American Civil War? Use facts learned in class to support your response.

3. Causes of the Civil War (Review)
Economic Differences
North= Industrial
South= Agriculture/Farming
States’ Rights
North= Believed the federal government/Constitution are supreme throughout the nation.
South= Believed in States’ Rights and believed that the federal government did not have the right to tell them what to do.
Sectionalism
North= Wanted tariffs on imported goods
South= Did not want tariffs on imported goods, due to trade relationship with Great Britain
Slavery
North= Banned slavery
South= Relied on slavery for the production of cash crops
Election of 1860 & Secession
North= Voted in Abraham Lincoln as the 16th U.S. President
South= 11 states seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s win

4. Civil War Map

5. Resources of the North and South
North (Union)
South
(Confederate States of America)
Had an advantage in the areas of economics and human resources:
85% of the nation’s factories and railroad lines
Produced almost all of the firearms, cloth, iron, ships & boats, and shoes in the USA
Banks
22+ million people
Union army had 16,000+ trained soldiers
Were at a disadvantage because:
15% of factories and railroads were in the South
9 million people million slaves
The southern states did not have an army
Relied on Northern banks for money and invested most their money in slavery
Had an advantage in:
Production of food (corn, rice, wheat, & livestock) and cotton
Strong/smart military leaders, who resigned from the U.S. Army to lead the south.

6. (Confederate States of America)
Military Strategies
North (Union)
South
(Confederate States of America)
Anaconda Plan: Created a blockade of U.S. ships and ironclads around the southern coastline and major rivers to prevent the southern states from exporting cotton and receiving supplies
Sent troops to the south to fight
King Cotton Diplomacy: Ask Great Britain & France to break the Union’s blockade.
The south thought Great Britain & France would do it, so they would continue buying cotton and bring them supplies (Weapons, etc.).
France and Great Britain decided not to help the Confederate States of America.

7. Anaconda Plan Map

8. Ironclads patrolled rivers in the South.

9. Political Cartoon
Just like the Anaconda Snake, the Union’s military strategy was to constrict and strangle the life out of the Confederates. The Union troops would choke off any supplies and aid from getting to the South.

10. Significant Battles of the Civil War Graphic Organizer
Name__________________
Date___________________
Period_________________
Battle
Generals
What Happened?
Which Side Won Battle?
Fort Sumter p. 255
Bull Run p. 255
Antietam p. 266
Gettysburg pp
Chickamauga p. 268
Chattanooga pp
Atlanta Campaign pp
Sherman’s March to Sea pp

11. Fort Sumter, South Carolina
The Confederate soldiers fired the 1st shots of the Civil War at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.
North (Union)
South
(Confederate States of America)
Major Robert Anderson lead the Union soldiers
President Lincoln sent these troops to South Carolina to secure Fort Sumter from the CSA and to deliver supplies.
33 hours later the Union troops surrendered…UNION defeated!
General P.G.T. Beauregard led the Confederate soldiers
The CSA troops were able to stop the supplies from reaching Fort Sumter, by firing on the Union troops.
CONFEDERATE victory!

12. Leaders at the Battle of Fort Sumter
General Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard
(CSA)
Major Robert Anderson (Union)

13. Battle of Bull Run: Manassas, Virginia
1st major battle between the Union vs. Confederates
North (Union)
South (Confederates States of America)
Union troops entered the Confederate state of Virginia to attack.
Confederate Army launched a counterattack and defeated the Union troops.

14. Leaders at the Battle of Bull Run
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
(Confederate)
General Irvin McDowell (Union)

15. Battle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland
September 17, 1862-This was the bloodiest 1-day battle of the Civil War.
This battle lasted 12 hours with 23,000 soldiers either killed, wounded, & missing.
Leaders
Union
Confederate States of America (CSA)
Major George McClellan
Union victory
Robert E. Lee

16. Leaders at the Battle of Antietam
General George McClellan (Union)
General Robert E. Lee (CSA)

17. Political Cartoon
The cartoon was featured in the January 3, 1863 Harper’s Weekly Magazine to show Americans how the Emancipation Proclamation freed African slaves in the South. In the center of the cartoon, former slaves are seen celebrating as a family their freedom. The scenes surrounding the center frame shows the history of slavery in American (i.e. slave auctions, whippings by overseers, Fugitive Slave posters, and plantation life).

18. Emancipation Proclamation
On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
It stated that unless the Confederate States of America (CSA) surrendered by January 1, 1863, “all slaves in states or districts in rebellion against the USA will be thenceforth and forever free.”

19. Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Huge turning point of the war, because Robert E. Lee and his troop’s attempt to invade the north (Union) was destroyed.
The Confederates retreated back to Virginia.
From July 1-3, 1863, 51,000 soldiers were either killed or injured.
Leaders
Union
Confederate States of America (CSA)
Major George Meade
Union victory
Robert E. Lee

20. Leaders of the Battle of Gettysburg
General George Meade (Union)
General Robert E. Lee (CSA)

21. Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia
On September 19-20, 1863, the Confederates were able to defeat the Union and pushed them back into Tennessee.
Leaders
Union
Confederate States of America (CSA)
General William Rosecrans
General Braxton Bragg
Confederate victory

22. Leaders of the Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia
General William Rosecrans
(Union)
General Braxton Bragg
(CSA)

23. Battle of Chattanooga: Chattanooga, Tennessee
Continuation of the Battle of Chickamauga (GA)
Union (North)
Confederates (South)
Union troops led by Generals Grant and Sherman counterattacked the Confederates at Lookout Mountain in Tennessee
Union victory
General Braxton Bragg chased the Union troops from Chickamauga and trapped them in Chattanooga, TN.

24. Leaders of the Battle of Chattooga
General Ulysses S. Grant (Union)
General Braxton Bragg (CSA)
General William T. Sherman (Union)

25. Political Cartoon
This cartoon shows was featured in the Harper’s Weekly Magazine on October 1, 1864, too. President Abraham Lincoln is drawn in this cartoon carrying the USA flag to encourage soldiers to continue fighting against the South and to encourage citizens of the USA to continue to believe that the Union will win the war. At this time, the President was campaigning for re-election in the Presidential election of 1864.

26. Political Cartoon
This cartoon was featured in the October 1, 1864 Harper’s Weekly Magazine depicting how bad General Sherman and his troops destroyed Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta was the transportation hub for the Confederate Army to move soldiers and supplies by train.

27. Atlanta Campaign
General William T. Sherman’s plan was to march through Georgia, take Atlanta, and leave a path of destruction to Savannah.
Beginning on July 20, 1864, General Sherman burned and tore up the city of Atlanta for almost 40 days.
By September 2, 1864 the Union troops had captured and destroyed Atlanta.

28. Atlanta Campaign

29. Atlanta Campaign

30. Atlanta Campaign

31. Sherman’s March to Sea
Field Order No. 120 was issued by Sherman ordering Union troops to “live off the land”.
They would gather food from fields and take livestock for food.
Also, troops were supposed to collect food, horses, & mules.
They were not allowed to enter homes of civilians to steal…Of course, the troops did not follow that rule.

32. Sherman’s March to Sea
Sherman waged Total War on the South (destroy anything useful to the enemy).
His troops destroyed railroad tracks, crops, burned homes and businesses.
Sherman divided his troops into 2 groups and they advanced towards Savannah going different directions.
After fighting many battles along the way, Sherman’s troops captured Savannah on December 21, 1864.

33. March to Sea Map

34. Andersonville
The largest military prison of the Confederate army during the Civil War
Located near Andersonville, Georgia
52,300 Union soldiers were detained there between February 1864 and April 1865
More than 13,200 died from disease, exposure, and lack of medicines.
After the war, the commander of the camp, Captain Henry Wirz, was convicted and hanged for the maltreatment and death of Union POWs. He was the only Confederate official to be executed.

35. Andersonville