1. HSMM / 2.4 GHz and Antenna Building Project Night Brought to you by The Other Keith (N8XD)

2. Microwave Topics  Devices  Amplifiers  Locations  Test Equipment  Transmission Lines  Connectors  Software  Antennas

3. 2.4 GHz Devices  Cordless Phones

4. 2.4 GHz Devices  Video Senders

5. 2.4 GHz Devices  WiFi

6. 2.4 GHz Devices  Bluetooth and ZigBee

7. 2.4 GHz Devices  Wireless Cameras

8. 2.4 GHz Devices  WiMax

9. 2.4 GHz Devices  Satellites

10. 2.4 GHz Devices  Microwave Ovens

11. Signal Bandwidth

12. Polarization  Linear HorizontalHorizontal VerticalVertical  Elliptical Left handLeft hand Right handRight hand

13. Mis-Polarization  Linear HorizontalHorizontal VerticalVertical  Elliptical (circular) (circular) Left handLeft hand Right handRight hand  Horiz. vs Vert. (20db loss)  Eliptical vs Linear (3db loss)  Left vs Right (20db loss)

14. Amplifiers  RF Amplifiers Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) for receiving small signalsLow Noise Amplifiers (LNA) for receiving small signals Power Amplifiers for transmittingPower Amplifiers for transmitting

15. Amplifiers  Location

16. Amplifiers  Bias-Tee (Power Injector, etc)

17. Obstacles at 2.4 GHz  Anything Solid Trees / LeavesTrees / Leaves BuildingsBuildings Water?Water?

18. Water Vapor

19. Test Equipment  Wave Meter  Frequency Counter

20. Test Equipment  RF Power Meter

21. Test Equipment  Signal Source VCOVCO Harmonic MultiplierHarmonic Multiplier Gunn DiodeGunn Diode Video SenderVideo Sender Cordless PhoneCordless Phone

22. VSWR  Directional Coupler

23. Transmission Lines  Waveguide

24. Transmission Lines  Coax

25. Transmission Lines  Microstrip  Stripline

26. RF Connectors  SMA  RP-SMA

27. RF Connectors  N – Connector

28. RF Connectors

29. Antennas  Waveguide Antennas

30. Antennas  Waveguide Antennas (Horns)

31. Antennas  PCB Yagi

32. Antennas  PCB Patch

33. Antennas  PCB Log Periodic

34. Antennas  1/4 Wave (31 mm)

35. Antennas  Helical

36. Antennas  Collinear

37. Antennas  Parabolic Cylinder

38. Antennas  Corner Reflector

39. Antennas  Dish

40. Link Budget

41. Link Budget Software

42. Software  Fresnel Zone (60%)

43. Construction  Measurements for a 3-1/4” diameter Probe Length = 1.21” (31mm)Probe Length = 1.21” (31mm) Set 2.49” from back of can (63mm)Set 2.49” from back of can (63mm)

44. Multimedia Software  Conf (NetMeeting) Windows Start ButtonWindows Start Button Find “Run” on the menuFind “Run” on the menu Type in “conf” and press enterType in “conf” and press enter  Sends Voice and Video over a network – in this case, wireless.

45. Testing Methods  VSWR

46. Testing Methods  VSWR Measurement FP = Forward PowerFP = Forward Power RP = Reverse PowerRP = Reverse Power 1+sqr(RP/FP) VSWR = ---------------- 1-sqr(RP/FP) 1+sqr(RP/FP) VSWR = ---------------- 1-sqr(RP/FP) Definition: impedance mismatch between transmission line and load

47. Testing Methods  VSWR Measurement Example FP =.18 mWFP =.18 mW RP =.05 mWRP =.05 mW 1+sqr(.05/.18) VSWR = ---------------- = 3.25:1 1-sqr(.05/.18) 1+sqr(.05/.18) VSWR = ---------------- = 3.25:1 1-sqr(.05/.18)

48. Testing Methods  VSWR Mismatch Effects