1. EXCRETORY DISEASES
IN HUMAN BEINGS

2. KIDNEY CANCER Where does it form?
It forms in the lining of tiny tubes inside your kidneys.
Why are the factors that influence?
They include smoking, having certain genetic conditions, and misusing pain medicines for a long time.
How can I realize if I have it?
Blood in your urine
A lump in your abdomen
Weight loss for no reason
Pain in your side that does not go away
Loss of appetite

3. Kidney Stones Also called: Nephrolithiasis
A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. But sometimes a stone will not go away. It may get stuck in the urinary tract, block the flow of urine and cause great pain.

5. The following may be signs of kidney stones that need a doctor's help:
Extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away
Blood in your urine
Fever and chills
Vomiting
Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy
A burning feeling when you urinate

6. Your doctor will diagnose a kidney stone with urine, blood, and imaging tests.
If you have a stone that won't pass on its own, you may need treatment.
It can be done with shock waves; with a scope inserted through the tube that carries urine out of the body, called the urethra; or with surgery.

7. Urinary Tract Infections
 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body.
You may have a UTI if you notice
Pain or burning when you urinate
Fever, tiredness or shakiness
An urge to urinate often
Pressure in your lower belly
Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy or reddish
Pain in your back or side below the ribs

8. Nephrosis
Also known as the nephrotic syndrome, it is a group of symptoms including high cholesterol levels, low blood protein levels, protein in the urine and high triglyceride levels. Causes: Malfunctioning of the kidneys Membranous nephropathy Genetic disorders Immune disorders Use of certain drugs Infections such as strep throat, mononucleosis or hepatitis Symptoms: Formation of foamy urine Poor appetite Weight gain from fluid retention Treatment: Since nephrosis is caused due to certain disorder, it is necessary to treat the disorder that is causing it. Along with this, it is essential to focus on the diet of the patient.

10. Bladder Cancer When various cells present in the bladder start growing abnormally, bladder cancer develops. These abnormally growing cells develop mutations and go out of control and do not die. They finally form a tumor. Causes: Unfortunately the exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown to the experts. However, it has been linked to certain things like: Parasitic infection Smoking Chemical exposure Radiation Symptoms: Pelvic pain Painful urination Back pain Frequent urination Blood in urine Treatment: Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Surgery Intravesical therapy

11. Urethritis It is the inflammation of the urethra, which is a tube carrying urine from the bladder to outside the body. The urethra is susceptible to getting afflicted by infections because it is exposed at one end. Causes: Gonorrhea (Sexually Transmitted Disease) Chlamydia (Sexually Transmitted Disease) Symptoms: Difficulty in starting urination Sharp pain while urinating Itching, discomfort and pain even when not urinating Frequent urge to urinate Discharge from urethral opening Pain during sex In men, blood in semen or in urine Treatment: A wide variety of antibiotics can be used to treat urethritis. If it is difficult to find the exact organism causing the disease, the doctor recommends a combination of various antibiotics that will be effective in treating the infection.

12. Web sites
.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneycancer.html