1. Protozoa Phyla

2. List of Phyla Amoeba-like organisms (e.g., Amoeba) Phylum Euglenozoa
Subphylum Euglenida (e.g., Euglena)
Subphylum Kinetoplasta (e.g., Trypanosoma)
Phylum Chlorophyta (e.g., Volvox)
Phylum Apicomplexa (e.g., Plasmodium)
Phylum Ciliophora (e.g., Paramecium)

3. General Characteristics
Single-celled or unicellular organisms; some live in colonies;
Size = microscopic (3 to 1,000 microns).
No germ layers, tissues, or organs;
However, specialized intracellular "organelles" are present

4. General Characteristics
Locomotion by pseudopodia, flagella, or cilia.
Symmetry = all types (bilateral, radial, spherical, or asymmetrical)
Free living, commensal, parasitic, or mutualistic
Mostly naked, but few have simple protective exoskeletons (tests). Ex. = Arcella

5. General Characteristics
Nutrition = autotrophic (holophytic), saprozoic, saprophytic, or holozoic.
Reproduction: asexual = longitudinal and transverse binary fission, budding,
Sexual = sporogony, and autogamy

6. Amoeba-like organisms

7. Amoeba-like organisms
Organisms move by pseudopodia, flagella, or a combination
Monomorphic nuclei
Genera
Amoeba- without a test, naked
Arcella- with a calcareous test

8. Figure 11.10

9. Amoeba Pseudopod Food Vacuole Contractile Vacuole Nucleus Phagocytosis
Hyaline Cap

10. Figure 11.05
Amoeba hunting
food

11. Arcella
Side View
Test
Pseudopod

12. Arcella
Nucleus
Top View

13. Phylum Euglenozoa Organisms move by one or two flagella
Monomorphic nuclei
Capable of photosynthesis; chloroplasts usually present

14. Subphylum Euglenida
Plant like organisms
Solitary
Can photosynthesize

15. Euglena

16. Euglena
Chloroplasts
Contractile Vacuole
Flagellum not
visible
Stigma

17. Subphylum Kinetoplasta
Organisms are only heterotrophic
No chloroplasts present
all parasitic
Red Blood Cells
Trypanosoma smear – cause of sleeping sickness
Organism

18. Trypanasoma
Trypanosoma organism
Red Blood Cells

19. Phylum Chlorophyta Flagellated single or colonial organisms
Are autotrophic
Have chloroplasts with chlorophyll
Genetically different from Euglenozoa

20. Volvox life cycle
Figure 11.20

21. Volvox
Zygote
Egg
Mother
Colony

22. Daughter Colonies
Mother Colony
Nuclei of individual
cells

23. Phylum Apicomplexa organisms do not have locomotor structures;
all species are parasitic
asexual reproduction involves schizogony
Plasmodium smear – cause of Malaria

24. Final Host
Plasmodium – agent
For malaria
Vector

25. Ring stage
merozoite
trophozoite
Red blood cell
Trophozooite

26. Ring stage in red blood cell
Ring stage – Early Trophozoite

27. Merozoites in the Schizont
Schizont with merozoites in red blood cell
Red blood cell
Merozoites in the Schizont

28. Female
Male
Gametocytes

29. Phylum Ciliophora The Ciliates
Organisms move by cilia
Usually two sizes of nuclei
Macronucleus and micronucleus
Reproduction usually by transverse binary fission
but sexual reproduction by conjugation

30. Paramecium

31. Binary Fission – Asexual Reproduction

32. Conjugation – sexual reproduction

33. Vorticella

34. Stentor