1. Steering Fundamentals
Chapter 65
Steering Fundamentals

2. Let’s take a look at the steering system.
This is the parallelogram type steering linkage.

3. Parallelogram Steering Linkage Front View

4. The steering linkage controls the direction of the wheels and therefore is responsible for the “toe setting”.
Worn steering components will cause ;
a) a steering wheel with too much free-play
b) tires to wear prematurely due to misadjusted toe alignment.

5. Just a little looseness, or play, in any of these parts will cause a lot of looseness, or play, at the steering wheel.
Idler arm
Steering box
Pitman arm
Inner tie rod
Center link
Outer tie rods

6. Turning the tie rod adjusting sleeves that connect the inner and outer tie rods will change the toe angle.

7. Rack & Pinion Steering Pros & Cons
Fewer parts than conventional steering gear
Lighter in weight
Eliminates the need for the center link, pitman arm, and idler arm
Uses ball-socket assemblies at the end of the rack
Two tie rod ends
Center take-off rack uses inner tie rods that bolt to the rack
Not as strong

8. Rack and Pinion Operation

9. Rack & Pinion Cutaway

10. Temporary loss of power assist when cold is usually caused by grooves that are worn in the spool valve housing.

11. Springs will wear out and sag over time
Springs will wear out and sag over time. This will also change the alignment angles. The springs are responsible for correct ride height.

12. The purpose of the shock absorber is to control vehicle spring, or jounce. Excessive spring movement means excessive toe change and results in excessive tire wear.
Shocks generally should be replaced after five years of use.