1. Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration Crew Resource Management Human Factors in Air Traffic Control ARAST; Bangkok, Thailand Glenn W. Michael, Air Traffic Manager Boston ARTCC November 19, 2008

2. Federal Aviation Administration 2 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 Crew Resource Management Human Factors in Air Traffic Control This workshop covers: Improving Teamwork Improving Individual Performance Threat and Error Management

3. Federal Aviation Administration 3 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 CRM is used by hazardous technology, high reliability, high performance teams Airline flight crews worldwide Air Traffic Controllers Astronauts Airline Flight Attendants Airline Dispatchers Surgical Teams

4. Federal Aviation Administration 4 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 United States CRM Background 1979 – NASA’s “Resource Management on the Flightdeck” 1981 – United Airlines developed the first airline CRM 1985 – ZSE’s Controller Awareness and Resource Training 1992 – Air Traffic Teamwork Enhancement (ATTE) 1999 – DEN controllers and supervisor developed CRM 2005 – ATO Safety began sponsoring CRM nationally 2008 – ATO CRM DVD distributed to all AT Facilities CRM is now a partnership between ATO Safety, Training, Terminal, En Route, and System Operations

5. Federal Aviation Administration 5 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 CRM Applied to Heinrich’s Triangle

6. Federal Aviation Administration 6 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 Why We Should Use CRM Skilled controllers are vulnerable to human error Human factors cause or contribute to up to 80 percent of all aviation accidents, and nearly all ATC operational errors Tragic consequences require us to use countermeasures to reduce both the rates and the numbers of errors and accidents

7. Federal Aviation Administration 7 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 CRM Effectiveness “CRM provides a primary line of defense against the many threats to aviation safety” “Considerable evidence shows the effectiveness of CRM”

8. Federal Aviation Administration 8 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 What is the CRM Workshop Human factors principles and methods from the world’s leading experts are presented You – the ATC experts – discuss and record how you can apply these principles and methods in your own facility Planned follow-up – facility feedback report, action planning, posters, quarterly refreshers, newsletters, and recurrent courses (CRM-2, CRM-3, etc.)

9. Federal Aviation Administration 9 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 How – The Workshop Guidelines The focus is on your operations The dialogue is among you and your teams Keep group discussions on schedule No time for a venting session Share the floor Please respect others in what we do and say Side conversations are distracting; one-liners are great Have fun!

10. Federal Aviation Administration 10 Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic Control November 19, 2008 CRM – 101 DVD CRM DVDs are available for all States Can be used by an individual controller or a team Stresses teamwork and individual performance Easy to use and schedule….It is only 33 minutes in length