2.  Focuses on the consequences that actions or policies have on the well- being ("utility") of all persons directly or indirectly affected by the action or policy.  www.scu.edu www.scu.edu

3.  The principle states: "Of any two actions, the most ethical one will produce the greatest balance of benefits over harms."  www.scu.edu www.scu.edu

5.  Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832): › Jeremy Bentham believes that happiness is the pleasure over pain. › http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/section_t wo/ue.html http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/section_t wo/ue.html

6.  The first obligation is to not let people suffer needlessly.  The second obligation is to encourage abundance, both of wealth and of population.  http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/be ntham.htm http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/be ntham.htm

7.  John Stuart Mill (1806–1873): › Expanded the philosophy by asking “does the actions produce the greatest good for the greatest number.”

8.  Follows after Bentham, takes utilitarianism in a new direction.  Mill is sometimes considered the first rule utilitarian.  Believes that there are high and low types of happiness.

9.  “Liberty” › he has a decidedly rule utilitarian emphasis on the importance of : › Liberty: The freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force. › freedom of speech, › the right to privacy, › a right to free trade, › and severe limitations on the rights of society over the individual's independence › http://www.miracosta.cc.ca.us/home/lmoon/Th eories.html http://www.miracosta.cc.ca.us/home/lmoon/Th eories.html

10.  War in Iraq › Mills Theory of Liberty › We’re defending our country to prevent an attack so, more innocent people aren’t killed.

11.  Death Penalty › Prevent riots › Comforts family members › Prevents them from killing again

12.  Cannot assign a quantitative measure to all pleasures and pains.  Does not address the issue of some pleasures and pains that cannot or should not be measured—such as human life or human suffering.  http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/sectio n_two/ue-pros.html http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/sectio n_two/ue-pros.html

13.  Suggests the ends justify the means. Would lying or cheating be considered ethical if the end result is positive?  http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/sectio n_two/ue-pros.html http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/sectio n_two/ue-pros.html

14.  Emphasizes the equal rights and importance of every person.  Protects the rights of the minority from the majority.  Focuses on following moral principles rather than producing specific results.  http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/sectio n_three/dbe-pros.html http://nefe.danielsfund.org/ethics/sectio n_three/dbe-pros.html

15.  What were the names of the two philosophers that developed Utilitarianism › Jeremy Bentham › John Stuart Mill

16.  Name two things Mill emphasizes on importance of liberty? › freedom of speech, › the right to privacy,

17.  Name one of the Ethical Dilemmas › Death Penalty › War in Iraq