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LTE, LTE Advanced And Beyond 02/04/14 April 2014 Umar Iqbal Supervisor: Prof. Jyri Hämäläinen Instructor: InamUllah.

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Presentation on theme: "LTE, LTE Advanced And Beyond 02/04/14 April 2014 Umar Iqbal Supervisor: Prof. Jyri Hämäläinen Instructor: InamUllah."— Presentation transcript:

1 LTE, LTE Advanced And Beyond 02/04/14 April 2014 Umar Iqbal Supervisor: Prof. Jyri Hämäläinen Instructor: InamUllah

2 Outline Background Objective Long Term Evolution LTE Technologies LTE Advanced Technologies Beyond LTE - Advanced Conclusions References 02/04/2014 2

3 Background History of mobile communication can be traced back from 1895 but the practical mobile communication started with introduction of first generation mobile network (1G) in 1978. 3 02/04/2014

4 . Background 4 02/04/2014

5 Objective Reserch Objective : To provide the review of all the advancments in Cellular networks. Different Technologies adopted to improve the cellular communication. Future work in mobile networks.

6 Long Term Evolution (LTE) 1/3 Long Term Evolution (LTE) In 2004 3GPP started a project named as LTE, to improve the mobile phone standards and meet the future demands Next Generation mobile broadband technology Based on UMTS 3G technology Optimized for All-IP traffic

7 Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2/3 Requirements Of LTE Peak Data Rate : 100 Mbps in downlink and 50 Mbps in Uplink within a 20 MHz spectrum allocation Spectrum Allocation : E-UTRA to operate in 1.4, 3,5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz allocation. Hence allowing different possibilities for re-farming already in use spectrum in uplink and downlink. Also Compatibility with the existing 2G, 3G and non 3GPP systems around the word. Latency : Low latency for control plane and user plane, below 5 ms Coverage : Improve the Cell edge performance. Achieve the target throughput, spectral efficiency and mobility for the 5 km radius cell Spectrum efficiency : LTE aims for 3 to 4 times spectrum efficiency in the downlink of Release 6 HSDPA and 2 to 3 times spectrum efficiency in uplink as that of Release 6 HSUPA [9]. Mobility : LTE support low speed and high speed mobility across the network. Low speed 0-15km/h and high speed 15-120km/h 7 02/04/2014

8 Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3/3 8 02/04/2014 IP based Architecture : Only Packet switched Network (All IP Solution) which reduces the signaling as well as minimizing the system complexity for user equipment (UE) and network for improved stability. Self –organizing Network (SON) : To reduce the cost, LTE aim to be a self-organizing network by which it will be able to self-configure the network and self-optimize the network hence saving the cost of optimization and network planning Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) : limit the users that can access the base station (eNB) within a specific cell.

9 LTE System Architecture 1/2 9 LTE network architecture aims to reduce the complexity, cost and implementation of all IP based network LTE deploys a Flat Architecture LTE has evolved radio access network known as E-UTRAN while non-radio aspects evolution was names as System Architecture Evolution (SAE) 02/04/2014

10 LTE System Architecture 2/2 10 E-UTRAN : Radio Resource Control (RRC) control, Radio Link Control (RLC) and Packet Data Convergence, Mobility management, Radio Resource management, header compression, ARQ, HARQ, ciphering, deciphering and scheduling of the User plane data for reliable delivery of packets Evolved Packet Core : It consist of  MME (Mobility Management Entity)  SAE (P-GW, S-GW) (System Architecture Evolution)  PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function)  HSS (Home Subscriber Server) 02/04/2014

11 LTE Technologies 11 Multiple Access Technology LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink data transmission and Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) for uplink transmission OFDMA refers to simultaneously supporting multiple users by assigning them specific subchannels for intervals of time.OFDMA cope with severe channel conditions ( attenuation, narrowband interference and frequency-selective fading due to multipath) without complex equalization filters Improves spectral efficiency, Reduce ISI effect by multipath, Provide better Protection against frequency selective fading. SC-FDMA is a new single carrier multiple access technique which has similar structure and performance to OFDMA used in uplink transmission. It reduces the Peak to average power ratio also increase the battery life of the UE terminal 02/04/2014

12 LTE Technologies 2/2 12 Multiple Antenna Technique : Multiple antennas increases the throughput and efficiency of the system. In LTE it is used in two different forms such as SU-MIMO, or MU-MIMO Two Modes of Deployment : Spatial Multiplexing, Transmit Diversity 02/04/2014

13 LTE -Advanced 13 Requirements Of LTE-Advanced Peak Data Rate : LTE-A provides Peak data rate of 1Gbps (for low mobility ) in DL and 500Mbps in UL by using advanced MIMO schemes Spectral Efficiency :LTE-A targets to achieve peak spectrum efficiency of 30bps/Hz in DL and 15bps/Hz in UL Mobility : LTE-A supports mobility from 350km/h to 500 Km/h depending upon the frequency band used by the operator Bandwidth : LTE-A supports wider bandwidth and asymmetrical bandwidth up to 100 MHZ (max UL+DL). It uses carrier aggregation for wider bandwidth and spectrum aggregation higher bandwidth CoMP :Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception Relaying HetNets :Support for heterogeneous networks is a multiple layer deployment scheme which aims to achieve the peak data rate and increase the network capacity. 02/04/2014

14 LTE –Advanced Technologies Carrier Aggregation In CA multiple component carriers (bandwidths defined in LTE R8/9) are combined on the physical layer to achieve the target bandwidth. The aggregated bandwidth is used by LTE-A terminals to achieve the target data rate while LTE terminals recognize each component carrier as a single LTE carrier in this way its backward compatible with LTE There are 3 types of carrier aggregation.  Intra-band contiguous  Intra-band non contiguous  Inter-band 14 02/04/2014

15 LTE –Advanced Technologies 15 Relay Nodes: Relay nodes are low powered base station that proved enhanced coverage and capacity at the cell edge It can be used to connect remote areas without have fiber connection. When the RN is deployed inside a cell area of an eNB is known as DonereNB (DeNB). There are two radio links used by RN, Access Link is between RN and UE, and Backhaul link / Relay link is between RN and eNB There are 2 types of 3GPP standardized Relay nodes Type 1 : Transmit its own CELL ID, transmit synchronization channel information, reference signal and physical control channel to the UE’s in its region. Performs RRM based on the local information. Type 2 : Do not transmit cell it, transparent to user, User data transmitted through RN, while control information transmitted by eNB 02/04/2014

16 LTE –Advanced Technologies 16 Heterogeneous Network It is also known as network of networks. It consist of Macro cell, Micro cell Pico cells and Femto cells In HetNets macro cell coverage area is densified by adding low power Nodes. Hence improving coverage and capacity of the network. Increase Network Capacity and Enhance User Experience. Range Expansion allow more users to benefit from small cells 02/04/2014

17 Beyond LTE-Advanced 17 Beyond LTE-Advanced cellular network is also know as 5G. Some of the possible candidate technologies of 5G are i.Machine Type Communication ii.Ultra Dense Network iii.Device to Device Communication 02/04/2014

18 Beyond LTE-Advanced 18 Machine Type Communication Current mobile networks are designed for Human to machine or human to human communication  Telephony  SMS  MMS MTC network may consist of little or no human interaction Large number of connected devices Small amount of data per session. There are 3 scenarios of Machine type communication depending upon the location of MTC server 02/04/2014

19 Beyond LTE-Advanced 19 02/04/2014 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3

20 Beyond LTE-Advanced 20 Ultra Dense Network Also known as Hyper densified HetNet. Improving the coverage and capacity of network can solve the problem of increased data traffic. It brings the network closer to user (basestation) thus improving the signal to interference and noise ratio Neighboring Small Cell (NSC) is hyper densified HetNet, allowing hybrid/open access to all the users. 02/04/2014

21 Beyond LTE-Advanced 02/04/2014 21 NSCs can serve the users indoor as well as outdoor even when placed indoor by the using SON providing seamless connectivity, coverage and mobility to the users Deployment of inside out increase the capacity up to 500x with 9 % deployment while 1000x with 20% deployment while using 10 times more spectrum. Authorized shared access (ASA) and Extension of LTE to unlicensed can help reach the 1000x target throughput

22 Beyond LTE-Advanced Device to Device Communication D2D communication can be considered as simple form of Machine Type Communication as in D2D there is a single hop communication while in MTC there are multiple devices involved in communication D2D communication can help offloading the traffic from the network hence improving the efficiency of the network and commutation between UE D2D is used as underlying technology for LTE –advanced, so even devices communicate directly they are still controlled by eNB. D2D communication is classified in two types depending upon the spectrum they use for D2D link 02/04/2014 22

23 Beyond LTE-Advanced 02/04/2014 23

24 Conclusion LTE-Advanced meets the performance requirements set by ITU-R for IMT-Advanced and altogether it is an evolution of LTE and not a new system in itself LTE –Advanced Terminals are backward compaitable with LTE network New Technology such Carrier Aggregation technology, for both contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum, would support bandwidth up to 100MHz and also enable a more flexible, spectrum utilization, MIMO( Multiple input Multiple output) technique can improve the spectral efficiency in UL and Downlink COMP is a evolution to ICIC which can improve the LTE-A system efficiency. Cell edge performance and coverage can be improved by deployment of relay nodes. MTC and D2D are good step for the future as they can reduce the system traffic load on network hence improving the performance of network Ultra Dense Networks will improve the coverage, capacity and throughput of the network as w ell as addition of unlicensed spectrum to the current LTE will open new boundaries of communication 02/04/2014 24

25 References 1)Harri Holma, Antti Toskala “LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced” John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2nd Edition 2011Harri HolmaAntti Toskala 2)[NTT Docomo “NTT TESTS LTE ADVANCED “ available at http://www.dailywireless.org/2011/02/07/ntt-tests-lte-advanced/ http://www.dailywireless.org/2011/02/07/ntt-tests-lte-advanced/ 3)Ian F. Akyildiz, David M. Gutierrez-Estevez, Elias Chavarria Reyes : “ The evolution to 4G cellular systems” : LTE-Advanced, Physical communications volume 3 issue 4, page 217-244, December 2010 4)3GPP R1-084424, “Control Channel Design Issues for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A” Motorola, Nov. 2008 5)Rohde & Schwarz “Introduction to LTE Advanced Technology” Available at http://cdn.rohde- schwarz.com/dl_downloads/dl_application/application_notes/1ma169/1MA169_3e_LTE- Advanced_technology.pdf 6)D.M.Gutierrez-Estevez, E.C. Reyes I. F. Akyildiz, "The Evolution to 4G Cellular Systems: LTE Advanced," Physical Communication, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 217 - 244, 2010 7)M.Ding and H.Luo “Multi-Point cooperative Communication : Theory and applications, Signals and systems technology” Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press 2013 8)Juniper network “Machine to Machine –The rise of machines” white paper 2011 9)Cisco Networks, “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update 2011- 2016,” June 2012. Available at : http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns827/networking_solutions_sub_solution.html 25 02/04/2014

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