1. Jeremy Mayeres

2.  Cellphones  1G  2G  3G  4G/IMT-Advanced  LTE  WiMAX  4G Today  Future of 4G  Social/Ethical considerations

3.  Radio telephony existed long before cell phones became popular  1947 – Ring and Young working at Bell Labs develop idea of using “hexagonal cells”  1973 – First cell phone call – Martin Cooper of Motorola

4.  Analog system  Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) in the US  Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) – Different frequency for each conversation  Issues  Listen in with a scanner  Spoofing

5.  Digital  Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)  GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)  D-AMPS (Digital AMPS, superseded by GSM)  iDEN (Integrated Digital Enchanced Network)  Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)  IS-95/cdmaOne

6.  2G with always-on data  General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)  2.5G for GSM  Maxed at about 115 Kbps  1xRTT  2.5G for CDMA  Maxed at about 153 Kbps  Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)  2.75G  Speeds up to 1 Mbps

7.  International Telecommunications Union (ITU) International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)  Requires minimum speed of 200 Kbps  3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) – 3G Upgrade for GSM  3GPP2 – 3G Upgrade for CDMA

8.  Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) by 3GPP  Uses W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA)  Handles voice and data  Data speeds about 384 Kbps (R99) to 2 Mbps  More on this later…

9.  3GPP2 Group  Backwards compatible with cdmaOne  1xEV-DO (or just EV-DO) Evolution-Data Optimized  Rev. 0: Max speed of about 2.4 Mbps download, 153 Kbps upload  Rev. A: Max speed of about 3.1 Mbps download, 1.8 Mbps upload

10.  IMT-Advanced by ITU  Global use  High-quality services  User-friendly  High speeds: 1 Gbps stationary, 100 Mbps mobile  Spectrum efficiency  IP packet-switched network  LTE (Long Term Evolution)  IEEE 802.16 “WiMAX” (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

11.  Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access  Split channel into sub-carriers  User is assigned multiple sub-carriers:  Closer to base gets more sub-carriers (more bandwidth)  Further away, get less sub-carriers, but use more power  OFDM also used in 802.11a/g/n

12.  Multiple In – Multiple Out  Diversity  Avoid fading due to multipath interference, shadows  Spatial Multiplexing  Use multiple channels to get higher data rates

13.  3GPP  Verizon, MetroPCS, AT&T, and Sprint  Upgrades UMTS  Uses MIMO, OFDMA  IP-based  700 MHz Band  Speed: 100 Mbps download, 50 Mbps upload

14.  IEEE 802.16e-2005  Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA) – Scales the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size for different bandwidths  Primarily uses 2.5 GHz band in the US (Clear/Sprint)  Use as backhaul  Closer to WiFi  Speeds up to 40 Mbps

15.  WiMAX and LTE in today’s networks do not meet the IMT-Advanced criteria  Every major wireless 4G network fails to meet IMT-Advanced criteria  ITU accepts WiMAX and LTE as “Pre-4G”  Can also be called 3.9G  Networks still calling it 4G

16.  “High Speed Packet Access,” part of 3GPP  D – Downlink, U – Uplink  HSDPA – 7.2 Mbps, HSUPA – 1.9 Mbps  HSPA+ (Evolved HSPA)  84 Mbps download, 22 Mbps upload  MIMO  All-IP Option  Still part of 3G, UMTS  T-Mobile/AT&T calling it 4G

17.  LTE-Advanced (3GPP) and WirelessMAN- Advanced (IEEE 802.16m)  Not yet available  Will satisfy the 1 Gbps download speed requirement  What will this be called?

18.  Is 4G just a marketing term?  Bringing broadband to everyone  Wireless capacity and Net Neutrality

19.  IMT-Advanced - Objective and Challenges by K. Jay Miyahara  An Overview of Next-Generation Mobile WiMAX Technology by Sassan Ahmadi  On the Way towards Fourth-Generation Mobile: 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced by David Martin-Sacristian, et al.  History of Mobile Telephones (Wikipedia and related articles) History of Mobile Telephones