1. THIS BETTER WORK ! TOM ZIZYS, METCALF FOUNDATION FELLOW DONNALEE BELL, CANADIAN CAREER DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION Pragmatic Solutions for Creating Good Jobs

2. WHAT DO PEOPLE WANT?

3. According the World Gallup Poll what people want today more than anything is a GOOD JOB! 30 years ago people told Gallup they wanted love, money, food, shelter, safety, peace and freedom Full time Fairly compensated Safe Respectful Meaningful “It may be more accurate to distinguish “good and bad” work environments/workplaces” Graham Lowe WHAT DO PEOPLE WANT?

4. SOMETHING’S NOT RIGHT We have jobs without people and people without jobs We can’t seem to be able to say if there a skill shortage. The most educated cohort in our country is being asked to work for free. According to SunLife (Nov. 2012), 90% of youth 18-24 feel excessive stress because of economic instability and underemployment

5. SESSION OUTLINE Explain how we got to this point Explore the impact of shifting from the loyalty line to the bottom line has had on careers What can and is being done

6. HOURGLASS LABOUR MARKET

7. COMPARISON OF DISTRIBUTION OF JOBS BY SKILL CATEGORIES, ONTARIO, 1991-2006

8. COMPARISON OF DISTRIBUTION OF JOBS BY SKILL CATEGORIES, TORONTO AND THE REST OF ONTARIO, 2006

9. CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT SHARES BY PAY LEVEL, EUROPE AND UNITED STATES, 1993-2006

10. CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT SHARES BY SKILL CATEGORIES, TD BANK, CANADA, 1999-2012

11. CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT SHARES BY SKILL CATEGORIES, TD BANK, CANADIAN PROVINCES, 1999-2012

12. PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT SHARE OF ALL JOBS, BY SKILL CONTENT, UNITED STATES, 1981- 2011

13. CHANGING HIRING AND PROMOTION PRACTICES

14. CAREER PATHWAYS IN A 1950S COMPANY From “Working Better: Creating a High-Performing Labour Market in Ontario” Metcalf Foundation

15. THE 1950S CORPORATE STRUCTURE

16. The labour market “perfect storm” LATE 60s/EARLY 70s: STAGFLATION

17. FRAGMENTED CAREER PATH IN A 1990S FIRM

18. THE INTEGRATED FIRM NOW BECOMES THE NETWORKED FIRM

19. THE FINANCIALIZATION OF OUR ECONOMY

20. THE SHIFT TO FINANCIALIZATION Concept of shareholder value: CEO primary responsibility is to maximize return to shareholders Stock market difficulties in 1970s opened way to hostile takeovers Broad conglomerates were thought to be worth more if run more efficiently or if broken up Not that weren’t profitable, but could be more profitable

21. THE TYRANNY OF THE “RATIOS”

23. ELEMENTS OF THIS MODEL AFFECT OTHER BUSINESSES Not every business is looking to shed its workforce But how a business is evaluated may depend on these ratios The ability of a business to access capital (stocks, loans) may be affected by these ratios Others borrow parts of this model (contracting out) Each business is acting in its own interest, but collectively is undermining employment and ultimately the economy

26. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR THE SUPPLY SIDE (OUR CLIENTS)?

27. Canada has the highest percentages of the population aged 25 – 64 with tertiary education among OECD countries YOUTH HAVE DONE THEIR PART

28. BUT… Canadian college graduate earnings (25-64 year olds) compared to other countries (2010 or latest available year)

29. BUT THEN … Canadian university graduate earnings (25-64 year olds) compared to other countries (2009 or latest available year)

30. THE B.A.RISTA GENERATION In Canada Under-employment number 2nd highest in OECD since 2005 1 in 4 – the ratio of young people with university degrees who worked in “low-skilled” jobs in 2012 40% of food and beverage servers and 45% of retail salespersons (age d 25-54) in Ontario hold a university or college degree The earnings gap between high school grads and those with a university bachelor’s degree is narrowing. Sources: World Economic Forum; Statistics Canada study – “Unemployment Dynamics Among Canada’s Youth”

31. ENTRY-LEVEL JOBS ARE NO LONGER STEPPING STONES More casual, part-time and temp work Wages dropped for entry-level jobs Drop in minimum wage in real terms Less unionization Less opportunity for advancement and many are getting stuck = More income inequality

32. WHAT’S THE WAY FORWARD?

33. Prescription: Focus on Employers Grooming individuals for a job Supporting access to next rung of the career ladder Employers need to invest more in training THE QUESTION: Is there a business case for employers investing in their workforce?

34. MANY BARRIERS TO TRAINING Simply making the business case for training is not enough: Cost (simple matter of cash-flow) Risk aversion (immediate expense, distant gain) Information (ROI on training, peer benchmarks) Resources (which training, who should deliver) Poaching (fear that trained workers will leave) Inertia (easier to leave this as they are) Competence (broader HR skills)

35. Demand-side approaches and skills development

36. THREE LEVELS OF RESPONSE 1.Addressing the specific challenges/ barriers faced by the individual employer 2.Using intermediaries to broaden the reach/create economies of scale 3.Promoting those values and norms that recognize the value of employees

37. A STRATEGY WITH THREE DIMENSIONS

39. RECOMMENDATIONS: EMPLOYER PRACTICES

40. RECOMMENDATIONS: INTERMEDIARIES

41. RECOMMENDATIONS: NORMS AND VALUES

42. QUESTIONS?

43. FINAL WORDS “We live in a time of ultra capitalism, that often seems inescapable. Well so did the divine right of kings.” Ursula Le Guin