1. 7 TH GRADE TEXAS HISTORY BONHOM MIDDLE SCHOOL 2013-2014

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS  PLACES OF IMPORTANCE IN TEXAS IN 20 TH -21 ST CENTURY.  POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE AGE OF OIL.  URBANIZATION OF TEXAS.  DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES.  CHANGES IN TYPES OF JOBS WHICH HAVE RESULTED FROM URBANIZATION.

3. PLACES OF IMPORTANCE IN TEXAS IN 20 TH -21 ST CENTURY.  Political and cultural regions Dallas/Ft. Worth Metro (political) Houston Metro (political) Austin/San Antonio Corridor (political) African-Americans – East/Southeast Texas (cultural) Mexican Americans/Tejanos – South Texas (cultural) Cowboys – West Texas (cultural

4. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE AGE OF OIL.  Age of Oil Road and Railroad Systems – Road and railroad tracks were built across Texas during this period time to accommodate the fastest mode of transportation the train and the automobile. These roads and tracks allowed Texas farmers to reach new markets in and outside of Texas. Hurricane 1900 – After the hurricane, the city of Galveston built a seawall and increased the elevation of the city. The environmental consequences that have occurred due to these modifications are that the city rarely floods and structures had to been raised Houston Ship Channel –Built in 1914, the Houston Ship Channel was built to connect Houston with the Gulf of Mexico to improve the economy of Houston. Since then it has been widen and deepened. The environmental results have been an increase in pollution, collisions, explosions, and oil spills.

5. URBANIZATION OF TEXAS.  New industries – oil and gas  New technology in agriculture, cattle and ranching, and oil and gas  Improved standard of living  Transportation Railroads – increased number of tracks and regulation of prices and standards Roads and highways – roads and highways were built because of the increase of cars and trucks. Workforce – the population of Texas increased due to job opportunities.

6. DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES-Oil and Gas.  Oil and Gas 19th century – Oil was found but there was little demand for it. 1866 – Melrose Petroleum Oil Company drilled the first successful oil well 1894 – Oil is found in Corsicana and drilling is encouraged in East Turn of the 20th century – Transportation improves with use of engines that use oil January 10, 1901 - Spindletop 1920s New Oil Fields were found in east and west Texas World’s leading producer

7. DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES-Manufacturing.  Manufacturing Turn of the 20th century – Texas had a small manufacturing industry that provided what was needed in communities World Wars – Increase in the manufacturing of products especially those created from natural resources like oil and gas, agricultural resources, cattle, goat, and sheep, etc.

8. CHANGES IN TYPES OF JOBS WHICH HAVE RESULTED FROM URBANIZATION.  19th Century Farming/Agriculture Cattle and Ranching  20th Century Cattle, Ranching, Farming and Agricultural jobs decreased due to new technology and changing demands of the population ○ Oil and Gas industry job increased due to the change in transportation and products. Most products today are made from a byproduct of oil. ○ More people migrated to urban areas due to jobs resulting from the oil and gas industry. ○ Service industry jobs increased because more of the population was living in urban areas.