1. Social Studies Final Exam Review (2013)

2. 1. How are Christianity, Judaism, and Islam similar
1. How are Christianity, Judaism, and Islam similar? Are they monotheistic or polytheistic?
They all started in the Middle East
They all believe in one God (Monotheistic)

3. 2. What is the holy city that Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have strong ties to?
Jerusalem

4. 3. Why was the Panama Canal built?
Shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Ships don’t have to sail around South America

5. 4. What areas are considered Latin America?
Mexico (starts at Rio Grande in the North)
Central America - Cuba, Panama
South America - Brazil, Chile, Venezuela, Argentina

6. 5. Where are the Ural Mountains located
5. Where are the Ural Mountains located? Name 2 other landmarks in this country.
Russia
St. Basil’s Cathedral, Kremlin
Red Square (in Moscow)
Siberia (Trans-Siberian Railway)

7. 6. What would geographers use to study the relationships between people and places?
Maps

8. 7. Define contiguous. 48 US states that are connected
Not Alaska and Hawaii or US territories

9. 8. Who was Mother Teresa? In what country did she work?
Woman who devoted her life to her faith by helping the poor in India
outcastes or untouchables

10. 9. What common geographic features do Turkey, Egypt, and Panama share?
They are all near important waterways
Turkey - Mediterranean Sea
Egypt - Nile River, Suez Canal
Panama - Panama Canal

11. 10. Define the word culture
10.  Define the word culture. Why is culture referred to as “a blueprint for living”?
Study of all aspects of how people behave in a society
Includes language, food, clothing, holidays, religions
Learned behavior from one’s surroundings (family, friends, country, society)

12. 11. Define limited government. Define unlimited government
11. Define limited government. Define unlimited government. Give 3 examples of countries for each type of government.
Limited Government - leaders have to follow rules, power is limited by constitution and elections
United States
Canada
Great Britain
Germany
Australia
Unlimited Government – leaders have all the power and can do whatever they want with no restrictions
Cuba
Iran
Venezuela
China
North Korea

13. 12. How are rural settlements different from urban settlements?
Rural – in the country, farms, low population density
Urban – cities, buildings, high population density, lots of economic activities (businesses)

14. 13. List the 5 themes of geography and give a description for each.
Location – where things are on the globe
Absolute – exact, latitude and longitude, coordinates
Relative – in relation to something else (NW of Manvel)
Place – location plus description
Human-Environment Interactions – pollution, cutting down trees, building Galveston seawall
Movement – interstate highway system
Region – grouping places with similar characteristics
Geographic – location, near waterways, landforms
Cultural – same language, religion, holidays, etc.
Ex. Latin America, North Africa & Middle East

15. 14. Describe the Cold War. Which two countries was it between?
Dispute between Soviet Union & East Europe (Communist) against United States & West Europe (Democratic)
Both threatened with nuclear weapons but didn’t fire them
Competitions included Space Race and Arms Race
At the end, the Soviet Union collapsed and became Russia and 15 independent countries

16. 15. What is subsistence agriculture?
Growing crops on a small farm only for your family, not to sell for profit
African and Asian rural areas

17. 16. Define absolute location.
Exact point on surface of the earth
Latitude and longitude, coordinates
Ex. 25ºN, 75ºW

18. 17. Describe Africa’s physical geography.
Sahara Desert in North, divides continent by cultural regions
Wide, flat areas allow for constantly shifting country borders
Great Rift Valley in East

19. 18. Why is the Suez Canal important?
Allows ships to sail from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea without traveling around Africa

20. 19. How does the Ring of Fire affect life in East Asia?
Volcanoes and earthquakes are common
Cause tsunamis

21. 20. Define the following types of economy and give an example of a country for each:
Free Enterprise – gov’t has few restrictions on businesses
United States, England, Australia
Communist – gov’t has total control over businesses
China, Cuba, North Korea
Socialist – gov’t and people share ownership in businesses, gov’t provides free health care
Canada, Sweden

22. 21. Define communism.
Government has complete control over country, economy, few individual rights

23. 22. Asia is to Japan as Europe is to __________.
Great Britain (both are island countries)

24. 23. Define population distribution
23. Define population distribution. What landform are all major cities located near?
How many people live per square mile
Rivers or ports (important waterways)

25. 24. Define caste system. Which country has a caste system
24. Define caste system. Which country has a caste system? What is the lowest caste?
India’s system of dividing people into social classes
Outcastes or untouchables

26. 25. Define peninsula. Give some examples.
Body of land surrounded by water on 3 sides
Ex. Florida, India, Arabian, Thailand

27. 26. In which country is the Great Wall located?
China

28. 27. Where are tropical rainforests common?
Near the equator

29. 28. Where is the Eiffel Tower located?
Paris, France

30. 29. Define apartheid. In which country did it occur
29. Define apartheid. In which country did it occur? What is one capital city of this country?
South Africa’s policy of separating people by color (ethnicity)
Cape Town

31. 30. Where can you find most theocratic nations?
Theocracy – rule by religious leaders
Middle East (Muslim rule)
Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, maybe Egypt

32. 31. What was Pangaea? What did it look like?
Theory that says many years ago, the earth’s continents formed one giant continent

33. 32. What is a map scale? Give an example.
Way to measure distance on a map and compare to actual distance on the globe
Can be written as ratio 1:16,000,000 or 1:1,300,000

34. 33. What is terrorism? What religious group feels terrorism is justified?
violent acts which are intended to create fear (terror) for a religious or political gain
Muslims (Islam)

35. 34. What large country lies in two continents?
Russia (spans both Europe & Asia)

36. 35. Where do most people in Egypt live?
Near the Nile River

37. 36. What would you use an atlas for?
All types of maps
Physical
Political
Population density
Climate
Land Area

38. 37. What separates North Africa from the rest of Africa?
Sahara Desert

39. 38. What are the major physical features of South America?
Amazon Rainforest
Amazon River
Andes Mountains

40. 39. Describe the two ways you can divide a region:
Geographic – location, physical features (mountains, plains, deserts, etc.)
Cultural – same language, religion, holidays, traditions, etc.

41. 40. What landforms can be used as geographic borders between countries or states?
Mountains, rivers, oceans, deserts

42. 41. Who are the only people that inhabit Antarctica?
Researchers

43. 42. What printed source would you use to find the land area and population of a country?
Atlas

44. 43. What countries were separated by the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall? What war ended when the wall came down?
Iron Curtain – separated East and West Europe (Soviet Union Communism in East, Democratic West)
Berlin Wall – separated East & West Germany
Cold War ended

45. 44. How does China’s population compare to that of the United States?
China’s population is about 3 times bigger

46. 45. Match the continent with the landforms:
Ganges River North America
Nile River South America
Himalayan Mountains Africa
Lake Victoria Europe
Amazon River
Asia
Andes Mountains Australia
Uluru/ Ayers Rock Antarctica
Mt. McKinley
Sahara Desert
Alps
Vinson Massif
Asia
Africa
South America
Australia
North America
Europe
Antarctica

47. 46. List 3 things the regions on the map have in common.
North Africa & Middle East
Similar culture, religion, language, traditions, food, clothing

48. 47. What would be the title of this map?
Pangaea

49. 48. What information does this map show?
Important waterways (Nile River, Suez Canal)
Most people live near the Nile River
Few cities in desert

50. 49. What do the colored areas of this map show?
People live near rivers, in river valleys

51. Map A Map B
50. Label the maps with the correct continents and countries we have studied.
Europe – Italy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia
Asia – China, Japan, India, Russia