1. Nutritional Needs Throughout the Life Cycle Preschooler

2. Case Study: Preschooler Girl 3 years old Family situation: nuclear family Nutrition concern: male family member has high cholesterol

3. Canada’s Food Guide Recommendations apply for children 2 – 3 years old (does not change based on gender) Vegetables and fruit 4 servings Grain products 3 servings Milk and alternatives 2 servings Meat and alternatives 1 serving

4. Nutrient Requirements: Macronutrients MacronutrientRecommended daily amount Total water1.3 L Carbohydrate130 g Fibre19 g Fat30 – 40 % of total energy Carbohydrate45 – 65 % of total energy Protein5 – 20 % total energy

5. Nutrient Requirements: Vitamins VitaminRecommended daily amount Vitamin A300 μg Vitamin C15 mg Vitamin D15 μg Vitamin E6 mg Vitamin K30 μg Thiamin0.5 mg Riboflavin0.5 mg VitaminRecommended daily amount Niacin6 mg Vitamin B60.5 mg Folate150 μg Vitamin B120.9 μg Pantothenic acid2 mg Biotin8 μg Choline200 mg

6. Nutrient Requirements: Minerals MineralRecommended Daily Amount Calcium700 mg Chromium11 μg Copper340 μg Fluoride0.7 mg Iodine90 μg Iron7 mg Magnesium80 mg MineralsRecommended daily amount Manganese1.2 mg Molybdenum17 μg Phosphorus460 mg Selenium20 μg Zinc3 mg Potassium3.0 g Sodium1.0 g

7. Characteristics: Preschooler Physically smaller than adults Strong likes and dislikes Easily influenced by peers, adults and media (commercials and TV shows) Gaining autonomy

8. Key issues Young children must eat nutrient dense foods because they eat much less food than adults (physical limitations) Preschoolers can be very picky eaters and forcing children to eat will create behavioural problems and poor eating habits A nutritious diet is important for optimal development (including physical and intellectual) and can have an impact on their future Time constraints: Nuclear families with kids involved in extracurricular activities and parents who both work full-time often find it difficult to find time to make nutritious meals and sit down to eat them together

9. Encourage good eating habits Give preschoolers choices. For example, carrots or corn with dinner. Keep the atmosphere at the table quiet, happy, and relaxed with conversation. Do not play tricks. Tricks and punishment with food cause distrust and unhealthy attitudes. Do not use sweets as a reward (they will seem more desirable than they are). Show children that food and cooking can be fun. Allow children to have more autonomy. Give them their own plastic cutlery and dishware.

10. Menu: One-day Breakfast: 15 g whole-grain cereal (1/2 serving grain) ¼ cup fresh blueberries (1/2 serving fruits vegetable) 1 cup 2% milk (1 serving milk) ½ cup orange juice (1 serving fruit) Children’s multivitamin Snack: 6 whole-wheat crackers (1/2 serving grain) 25 g cheddar cheese slices (1/2 serving milk) Lunch: Peanut butter (1 tbsp) and jelly sandwich (1 slice) (1 grain + 1/2 meat and alternatives) 4 carrot and celery sticks (1/2 serving vegetable) 1 extra -small oatmeal muffin (1/2 serving grain) Snack: ½ granola bar (1/2 serving grain) ½ apple (1/2 serving fruit) Dinner: ½ boiled potato (1/2 serving vegetable) ½ cup mixed corn and carrots (1 serving vegetable) 1 ¼ oz. cubed chicken breast (1/2 serving meat) ½ cup 2 % milk (1/2 serving)

11. Menu: eaTracker analysis NutrientUnits Intake from food and supplements Recommended daily intake Calorieskcal11231300 Fatg37.0 (30%)30 – 40 % Carbohydrateg155.8 (55 %)130 g (45 – 64 %) Fibreg15.919 Proteing51.4 (18 %)5 – 20 % Macronutrients

12. Menu: eaTracker analysis Vitamins NutrientUnits Intake from food and supplements Recommended daily intake Vitamin ARAE1379.1300 Vitamin Cmg133.415 Vitamin Dmcg14.115 Vitamin Emg3.76 Thiaminmg2.40.5 Riboflavinmg2.70.5 NiacinNE32.96 FolateDFE220.9150 Vitamin B6mg2.20.5 Vitamin B12mcg5.50.9

13. Menu: eaTracker analysis Minerals NutrientUnits Intake from food and supplements Recommended daily intake Calciummg805.9700 Ironmg5.97 Sodiummg895.11000 Potassiummg2133.03000

14. Recipe: Celery Race Cars

15. Ingredients peanut butter 4 ribs celery, cut in half 16 toothpicks 2 large carrots, sliced into 1/2 inch rounds 8 chocolate chips Directions 1.Using a butter knife, spread peanut butter in the cavity of each of the celery rib halves. 2.Pierce each of the celery ribs with two toothpicks (one at each end), pushing all the way through. This forms the "axle" for the car's wheels. 3.Attach carrot rounds to the ends of the toothpicks (4 per car). 4.Place one chocolate chip on each car (this is the driver's head). 5.Enjoy!

16. Recipe: Explanation Makes eating fun for kids Also contains vegetables and protein-rich peanut butter (best to buy a natural peanut butter rather than commercial brand names) Skippy, Kraft peanut butters contain high amounts of added sugar that is not beneficial for a preschoolers diet Note: Could replace chocolate chip with raisin to decrease added sugars.

17. References Celery race cars (n.d.). Tablespoon. Retrieved from http://www.tablespoon.com/recipes/celery-race-cars- recipe/1/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=embed&utm_campai gn=recipe-img http://www.tablespoon.com/recipes/celery-race-cars- recipe/1/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=embed&utm_campai gn=recipe-img Health Canada. (2007). Eating well with Canada’s food guide (HC Pub.: 4651). Ottawa: Queen’s Printer. Johnston, P. (1996). Good times at mealtime. National Network for Childcare. Retrieved from: http://www.nncc.org/series/good.time.meal.html http://www.nncc.org/series/good.time.meal.html United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). Dietary reference intakes: Recommended intakes for individuals [datafile]. Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/~/media/ Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/5_Summary%20Table%20Ta bles%201-4.pdf http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/~/media/ Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/5_Summary%20Table%20Ta bles%201-4.pdf