1. Sun and MPP Tracking In Solar Array Systems Using FLC Via FPGA
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
The Islamic University of Gaza
Deanery of Graduate Studies
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department
Sun and MPP Tracking In Solar Array Systems Using FLC Via FPGA
By:
Eng.Mohammed S. EL Moghany
Advisor:
Dr.Basil Hamed

2. Presentation Contents
1 - Introduction
2 - Solar energy
3 - Fuzzy Logic Controller
4 - FPGA
5 – Sun Tracker FLC Design
6 –MPP Tracker FLC Design
7 - Conclusion

3. I- Introduction
Renewable energy : comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat, (replenished).
Renewable energy sources play an important role in electric power generation.
The fossil fuels (ex. gas, oil, coal) are limited and hand strong pollutants.
The most important of renewable energy is solar energy.

4. I- Introduction The applications for solar energy are increased
Solar energy: is directly converted into electrical energy by solar photovoltaic modules.
The applications for solar energy are increased
Need to improve the materials and methods used to harness this power source.
Sun tracking and maximum power point (MPP) tracking. For that we need controllers.

5. FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009)
I- Introduction
Increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module.
Sun tracker FLC
MPP tracker FLC
“ Design and practical implementation of a tow Fuzzy Logic controllers (Sun tracker, and MPPT) one modern FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009) to increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module.“
FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009)

6. II- Solar Energy Photovoltaic (PV):
Direct conversion of sunlight to electricity by using a semiconductor,
Usually made of silicon .
The word photovoltaic comes from the Greek meaning
“light” (photo) and “electrical” (voltaic).
Bell Laboratories produced the first solar cell in 1954,
for space applications, efficiency =5 %.

7. II- Solar Energy Photovoltaic (PV):
Direct conversion of sunlight to electricity
Bell Laboratories produced the first solar cell in 1954,
For space applications, efficiency =5 %.

8. 9
2- Solar Energy + _ Ip
Rsh Rs v i

9. Large crystal of silicon
II- Solar Energy
Types of Solar Panels
Monocrystalline
ζ =18%
Large crystal of silicon
Polycrystalline
ζ =15%
Small crystal of silicon
Amorphous
ζ =10%
Molten silicon

10. 2- Solar Energy Solar energy advantages: Need no fuel quick responding14
2- Solar Energy
Solar energy advantages:
Need no fuel
quick responding
Non-polluting
Easy maintenance
Can be integrated with other renewable energy sources
Simple & efficient

11. II- Solar Energy
PV Applications:

12. II- Solar Energy
PV Applications:

13. II- Solar Energy
PV Applications:

14. II- Solar Energy
PV Applications:

15. Conventional Controller
I- Introduction
Increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module.
Sun tracker
MPP tracker
Experience
System
System Model
Conventional Controller
Fuzzy Controller

16. III- Fuzzy Logic Control
The concept of Fuzzy Logic (FL) was conceived by Lotfi Zadeh, the father of Fuzzy 1960's .
In 1974, Mamdani published the first paper for fuzzy applications. steam engine.
In 1985, Takagi and Sugeno published another effective method for fuzzy control.

17. III- Fuzzy Logic Control
Japanese
1980's
1994
35 billion dollar
air conditioners
Mitsubishi
Cameras
Canon
Cars
Honda & Nissan
Washing machines
Panasonic
Elevator
Toshiba
USA other countries

18. The temperature x is warm
III- Fuzzy Logic Control
FUZZY SETS
The temperature x is warm
is 0.7 or 70%.
crisp sets

19. III- Fuzzy Logic Control
Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC"

20. III- Fuzzy Logic Control
Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC"

21. III- Fuzzy Logic Control
Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC"
Mamdani: Rt IF x is At THEN y is Bt
Sugeno: If x is A and y is B then z = f(x,y)

22. III- Fuzzy Logic Control
Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC"
There is no systematic procedure for choosing a good defuzzification strategy, but the selection of defuzzification procedure depends on the properties of the application[62].

23. I- Introduction Hardware Controllers implementation Fuzzy Controller
Digital
Based on hardware.
digital logic gates
Digital
Based on software
PLCs
Microprocessor
Microcontrollers
ASIC
FPGA 23

24. IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD
ASIC

25. IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD
ASIC

26. IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD
Faster
Less complex software
But without the flexibility of the PLA
CPLD
FPGA ”85-95”
ASIC

27. IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD
CPLD = set of PLAs
FPGA ”85-95”
ASIC

28. IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD
(not reprogramable) application-specific integrated circuit
CPLD
100 million gates
entire 32-bit processors
ROM, RAM
use Verilog or VHDL
FPGA ”85-95”
ASIC

29. IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD
Xilinx company introduced a new concept in 1985, it was to combine the user control and time to market of PLDs with the densities and cost benefits of gate arrays. Then the FPGA was found[68].
CPLD
Xilinx
combine the user control and time to market
densities and cost benefits
FPGA ”85-95”
ASIC

30. IV- FPGAs FPGA Programming
Xilinx offers WebPACK ISE11.1 software, Modelsim
FPGA Programming steps

31. IV- FPGAs
Spartan-3AN Starter Kit Board

32. V- Fuzzy Controllers Design
Block diagram for the system

33. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Sun Path :
the sunlight on the Earth’s
surface is influenced by factors such as the variation of the
temperature on the solar disc and the influence of the atmosphere
The American Society for Testing
and Materials (ASTM) defines two standard

34. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Sun Tracking :

35. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. Controller design

36. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design

37. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design

38. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design

39. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design

40. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design

41. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design
O.S= 1.3% Ess= deg, S.T=16 ms

42. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design

43. Initial Position=30 Ref= 0
V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design
Initial Position= Ref= 0

44. Initial Position=10 Ref= -60
V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design
Initial Position= Ref= -60

45. Initial Position=-10 Ref= 20
V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. FL Controller design
Initial Position= Ref= 20

46. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
S.T. Controller design

47. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Photo Sensor design :

48. 5.1- Sun Tracker FLC Design45
5.1- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Photo Sensor Connection:

49. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
ADC

50. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
ADC
PIC 16F877A Microcontroller
For an 8-bit ADC, the final value will be (28 − 1), or B, or 255D

51. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Stepper motor driver

52. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Stepper motor & driver
Control Signals
Speed
Enable
Direction

53. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Stepper motor driver

54. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Stepper Motor Control Signals
Photo Sensor
Position Sensor

55. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Sun Tracker on FPGA:

56. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Sun Tracker on FPGA:

57. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Sun Tracker on FPGA:

58. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Sun Tracker on FPGA:

59. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Mechanical construction and components: :

60. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Video:

61. 41
VI- MPPT FLC Design
Power Characteristics : + _ Ip
Rsh Rs v i

62. 41
VI- MPPT FLC Design
Power Characteristics :

63. 41
VI- MPPT FLC Design
Power Characteristics :

64. 41
VI- MPPT FLC Design
MPPT:

65. 41
VI- MPPT FLC Design
Power Characteristics :

66. VI- MPPT FLC Design
MPPT:

67. VI- MPPT FLC Design
MPPT:

68. VI- MPPT FLC Design
GUI : KC200GT solar array datasheet

69. VI- MPPT FLC Design
MPPT. FL Controller design

70. VI- MPPT FLC Design
MPPT. FL Controller design

71. VI- MPPT FLC Design
GUI : KC200GT solar array datasheet

72. VI- MPPT FLC Design
MPPT. FL Controller design

73. VI- MPPT FLC Design
Comparison between FLC and perturbation and observation controller
Algorithm (M.Villalva, J.Gazoli, and E. Ruppert) 2009:
when dp/dv > 0 , the voltage is increased, this is done through
D(k ) = D(k − 1) + C.
when dp/dv < 0, the voltage is decreased through
D(k ) = D(k − 1) − C .

74. VI- MPPT FLC Design
Comparison between FLC and perturbation and observation controller

75. VI- MPPT FLC Design
Comparison between FLC and perturbation and observation controller
(P & O)
FLC

76. VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design
Practical Implementation

77. VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design
Generating VHDL FLC Code : Using Xfuzzy Program

78. VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design
Practical Implementation

79. VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design
Generating VHDL PWM Code :

80. VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design
Generating VHDL PWM Code :

81. VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design
Practical Implementation

82. VI- MPPT FLC Design
MPPT_FLC Test

83. VI- MPPT FLC Design
Practical DC_DC Converter

84. VI- MPPT FLC Design
Practical DC_DC Converter

85. VI- MPPT FLC Design
Practicar DC_DC Converter Test

86. VI- MPPT FLC Design
Practicar DC_DC Converter and FLC

87. VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design
FLC on FPGA
LCD
MPPT
Diff
LCD
CLK Genrator
MPPT
FLC
Cont Sig ST
Diff
LCD
PWM
ST_FLC

88. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Experimental Results:

89. V- Sun Tracker FLC Design
Experimental Results:
Efficiency ≈ 33%

90. 6- Conclusion And Future Research
Two different controllers (MPPT_FLC, and ST_FLC) have been constructed in FPGA card, which used to increase the power of the PV panel.
These controllers have been tested using Matlab/Simulink .
From the experimental results the proposed ST increase the efficiency by ≈ 33%.
The response of the MPPT using FLC is better than the response of the MPPT using conventional controller applied on the same system in the previous study in 2009.

91. Thank you
For listening