1. Done by: Tan Yan Wei 1O2 (21)

2.  Objectives  What are sulfuric acids  History of sulfuric acids  Cautions in using sulfuric acids  Production of sulfuric acid  Uses of sulfuric acids  Conclusion  Sources

3.  Research on the production of sulfuric acids  Research the uses of sulfuric acids.

4.  Highly caustic strong mineral acid.  Colorless to slightly yellow  Highly corrosive  Soluble in water at all concentrations  Historical name: Oil of Vitriol  Diprotic acid which may show different properties depending upon its concentration.

5.  Prepared by Johann Van Helmont by destructive distillation of green vitriol (ferrous sulfate) and by burning sulfur.  Prepared by Johann Van Helmont by destructive distillation of green vitriol (ferrous sulfate) and by burning sulfur.  Sulfuric acid was produced at Nordhausen from green vitriol but was expensive.  First used by John Glauber  Developed commercially by Joshua Ward  Superseded by the lead chamber process.

6.  Developed the contact process in 1830 which was until the need of concentration acid rising.

7. The picture says it all.

8.  The most important process for making sulfric acids.  Consists of 3 stages. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

9. Sulfur is imported from Poland or the USA. In the first stage of the process, sulfur is burned in air to make sulfur dioxide gas. Sulfur oxygen->sulfur dioxide S(I)+ O 2 (g) -> SO 2 (g)

10. This is the stage where sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide. -> Sulfur dioxide+ oxygen sulfur trioxide -> <- 2So 2 (g)+O 2 (g) 2SO 3 (g) <- The reaction happens on catalyst of vanadium(V) oxide to speed up the reaction. As much sulphur dioxide as possible is changed to sulphur trioxide, and releases of sulphur dioxide are prevented such that acid rains will not be caused.

11. In the final stage, sulfur trioxide is converted to sulfuric acid. The sulfur trioxide gas is absorbed into very concentrated sulfuric acid (a 98 per cent solution of H2SO4 in water), producing a thick fuming liquid called oleum. The oleum is mixed carefully with water, and the sulfuric trioxide in the oleum reacts with the water as follows: Sulfur trioxide+ water -> sulfuric acid SO 3 (g)+H 2 O(l)-> H 2 SO 4 (l)

12. Sulfur trioxide cannot be mixed with pure water as this is a highly exothermic reaction, which would produce a fine mist of sulfuric acid that is difficult to condense and could escape to pollute the air.

13. Sulfur oxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolved over a period of 30 minutes. Then the sulfur oxide is oxidized to sulfuric acid. Sulfur oxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolved over a period of 30 minutes. Then the sulfur oxide is oxidized to sulfuric acid.

14.  Fertilizers  Tanning leather  Cleaning metals

15. Sulfuric acids is used as a dehydrating agent to prevent the soil from over hydrating, thus the plant will be able survive.

16.  Sulfuric acid is used in tanning to bring down the pH of collagen to a very low level so as to facilitate the penetration of mineral tanning agent into the substance.

17.  The acid is used in pickling which is a surface treatment used to remove impurities such as stains, inorganic contaminants, rust or scale from ferrous metals, copper, and aluminum alloys.

18.  There are many ways of producing sulfuric acids.  There are many uses for sulfuric acids.

20.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_chamber_process http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_chamber_process  http://www.namedorganicreactions.co.uk/Sulphuric.pdf http://www.namedorganicreactions.co.uk/Sulphuric.pdf  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid  http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/sulfuric_acid.aspx http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/sulfuric_acid.aspx  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickling_(metal) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickling_(metal)  http://www.ask.com/answers/6642851/why-is-sulfuric-acid- in-fertilizer http://www.ask.com/answers/6642851/why-is-sulfuric-acid- in-fertilizer  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanning