1. Nanjing University, Spring, 2005
Introduction to Persuasive Speaking
Part 3:
Process; Outline;
Monroe Sequence
John E. Clayton
Nanjing University, Spring, 2005

2. Speech 1: Results
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Ardelle

3. Speech 1: Results

4. Syllabus
02/28 Orientation; Photos; Communication; Speaking types & purposes
03/07 Persuasion and reasoning; Peer Criticism
03/14 Speech 1
03/21 Writing process; Outline & components; Monroe Sequence
03/28 Movie: Remember the Titans
04/04 Overcoming fear
04/11 Speech 2
04/18 Review of speech 2;
04/25 Selecting topic & thesis
05/02 HOLIDAY – NO CLASS
05/09 Researching & supporting material
05/16 Speech 3
05/23 Review of speech 3; Speech delivery tips
05/30 Using visual aids
06/06 Clean-up – final review and preparation for speech 4
06/13 Speech 4
06/20 Speech contest prep; Final exam; Evening – speech contest

5. The Speech Writing Process
See Handout:
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

6. Process Flow Topic Purpose Audience analysis Research
Support materials
Organization
Outline
Visual aids
Practice
Present

7. 1. Select & Narrow Subject
Pick a Subject appropriate to the occasion.
Narrow the subject to a topic suitable:
for a speech
for the length of time
for the type of audience that you have
Remember that a speech is not an essay; it must be kept simple and concise in order to be effective.

8. 2. Determine The Purpose to tell us facts about a situation;
Decide exactly what you hope to accomplish:
to tell us facts about a situation;
to convince us of a particular point of view;
to amuse us;
to stimulate us to do something;
etc.
Your speech should support one basic objective, so you must decide what that objective is.

9. 3. Analyze Audience & Occasion
You must know:
what kind of people you will be speaking to
roughly how many there will be
what sort of room you will be in
the audience's intellectual ability & knowledge
what other speakers of the day may be saying about the same subject.
This will allow you to tailor your vocabulary, content, jokes, and tone of your speech to your specific audience. What works for one may not work for another.

10. 4. Gather Material (Research)
Material can be gathered from books, magazines, newspapers, other speeches, Internet, etc.
Establish your basic objective, then look for supporting material.
Simple facts may be boring -- use examples, situations, and concrete comparisons to "enliven" the speech and make facts "real".

11. Sample of Using Facts Boring fact: "skyscraper X is 290 meters tall."
More interesting & relevant to audience: "skyscraper X is five times taller than Hotel Saint George."
This puts a concrete comparison into peoples' minds -- much more effective than a simple, dry fact or statistic.

12. 5. Make An Outline An outline will help: organize your speech,
establish the main points, and
balance the supporting material for each point.

13. 6. Word the Speech
Pay attention to the educational level and language competence of the audience in choosing your words.
Consider words which might be "special" and need explanation to be clear.
Try to avoid words which may have more than one meaning, unless you are using them for that purpose.
Think about the ease of pronunciation of your words.

14. 7. Prepare the Manuscript
Type double-spaced, with a large, "readable" typeface.
Leave generous margins for last-minute notes or corrections.
Underline phrases that you want to stress.
Do not fasten the pages together. Number each page.

15. 8. Practice Aloud
After your speech is written and ready, you must practice it aloud, to check --
the rhythm of your phrasing and sentences
the pronunciation of words
the length of the speech
This will also help you to be more confident in your speech delivery, and lessen nervousness during the actual occasion.

16. 9. Check the Room If possible, check the room before the speech.
Note the size of the room and the acoustics.
If there is a PA system, test it.
Make sure you "fit" the podium.
Can visual aids be seen from all parts of the room?
Can you operate all necessary equipment?

17. 10. Delivery Remember to speak loudly enough.
Take care with enunciation, pronunciation and phrasing required for speaking in large rooms.
Plan and practice any gestures you want to use to reinforce points.

18. 11. Speaking Position
Remember to position yourself properly at the rostrum, then pause for a moment longer before beginning your speech.
After completing the speech, again pause briefly before acknowledging the "end" to the audience and stepping down from the rostrum.

19. The Monroe Sequence

20. The Monroe Sequence
The "Monroe Motivated Sequence" is intended to motivate the audience to respond to the speaker's purpose.
In its most complete form, the Motivated Sequence consists of five steps.

21. The Monroe Sequence Attention Gain the attention of the audience
2. Need
Create a need for change
3. Satisfaction
Satisfy the need with a solution
4. Visualization
Intensify desire for solution
5. Action
Urge the audience to take action

22. 1. Attention Functions: To gain attention
To secure good will and respect
To state your thesis and prepare the audience for discussion of your topic
Methods:
Reference to a subject, event, or occasion
Personal greeting
Rhetorical question
Startling statement/statistics
Quotation
Humorous anecdote
Illustration

23. 2. Need Functions To describe the problem
To make your audience uncomfortable with the status quo
Methods
Statements (backed by evidence)
Illustration
Show ramifications

24. 3. Satisfaction Functions To present a solution to the need described
Methods
Statements (backed by evidence)
Explanation
Theoretical demonstration
Practical experience
Meeting objections and potential counterarguments

25. 4. Visualization Functions
To intensify your audience's desire to adopt the solution and action you propose
To help the audience "see" the results
Methods
Positive method ("see" what will happen on adoption)
Negative method ("see" what will happen if not adopted)
Contrast method ("see" adoption vs. non-adoption)

26. 5. Action Functions To focus the thoughts of your audience
To motivate your audience to ACT
To leave the audience in a mood appropriate to your topic
Methods
Challenge; Summary; Quotation;
Illustration; Personal Intention; Inducement

27. Speech Outline Summary
Introduction (attention)
Attention Getter
Reveal Topic
Relevancy
Credibility
Thesis & Preview
Main point 1 - (need) Why is this important?
Reason 1
Reason 2
Main point 2 - (satisfaction) This is how we solve it...
Example 1
Example 2
Main point 3 - (visualization) "How great it would be if..."
Sample vision 1
Sample vision 2
Conclusion - (action) "This is what we have to do..."
Action 1
Action 2
Review Main points
Clincher

28. Homework Start working on speech 2 3 minutes, using a Monroe outline
Topic: Argumentative –
Some Current Event
(note – please avoid political or religious topics)