1. SMOKING

2. Main constituents: Carbon Monoxide Tar Nicotine

3. Positive effect of smoking: Buzz from the nicotine Negative effects on your health of smoking: Cough & bronchitis - Hot smoke and tar damage the lungs’ cilia (cells with tiny hair-like parts, which normally move the mucus out of the lungs), so smokers need to cough to move the mucus and are more likely to get bronchitis. Emphysema - destruction of the alveoli for gas exchange which causes extreme shortage of breath Damage to blood vessels – leading to heart attack, stroke, limb amputation, to name but a few! Cancer - Tobacco smoke contains at least 80 different cancer causing substances. When you inhale smoke, these chemicals enter your lungs and spread around the rest of your body.

4. Other negative effects of smoking: Addictive – Nicotine is one of the most addictive substances known to man, once you start smoking it take an awful lot of will power to stop. Cost – 20 cigarettes cost on average £7.50 Smell – The smell of stale smoke stays on your clothes, fingers and hair for hours & is unpleasant for other people. Teeth, fingers & hair become stained yellow Damages taste buds – Food doesn’t taste as good Its illegal to smoke inside public buildings – this is because passive smoking can harm the health of those around a smoker. Risk of fire - More people die in fires caused by smoking than in fires caused by anything else. Tobacco is manufactured to stay alight, meaning it can remain smouldering and start a fire.

5. Non-smokers lungSmokers lung Lungs

6. For advice and help quitting smokefree.nhs.uk

7. ALCOHOL

8. Positive effect of alcohol: Relaxing & sociable – when drunk in moderation Short term negative effects of drinking to excess: Loss of inhibitions Nausea & Vomiting Dehydration Memory Loss Increased risk of accidents Hangover Disrupted sleep Alcohol poisoning

9. Long term negative effects of drinking alcohol to excess: Addiction - reducing a persons ability to perform their normal daily activities. Liver damage - Liver disease has no early warning signs. If a patient attends hospital with acute alcoholic liver disease they have a 50 % chance of dying during their hospital stay. Heart disease - Weakness of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) can develop, resulting in the heart not being able to pump blood as efficiently. Cancer - After smoking, alcohol is the second biggest risk factor for many forms of cancer. Brain development – Drinking alcohol as an adolescent can cause lasting problems with memory, attention span and reaction times. Heavy drinking can cause older people to develop dementia-like short term memory problems. Mental health issues - Alcohol is linked to both anxiety and depression. Reduced Fertility Negative pregnancy outcomes- Drinking when pregnant can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth and small birth weight. The baby can also be born with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Symptoms of which include: learning difficulties, problems with emotional development and behaviour and facial deformities.

10. Max. 21 units/weekMax. 14 units/week How Much Alcohol is ok? The current government recommendation is: An alcohol free childhood and in adulthood

11. Under 5Under 5s may not be given alcohol except on medical orders. 5 to 16It is not illegal for a child aged 5 to 16 to drink alcohol at home or on other private premises. 14 or 15You can go anywhere in a pub if accompanied by an adult, but not drink alcohol. 16 or 17You can be bought beer, wine or cider to drink with a meal in licensed premises, if accompanied by an adult. Alcohol and the law Consequences of breaking the law If police suspect someone under 18 has alcohol in a public place, they have the power to confiscate it. If young people get caught with alcohol 3 times they could face a social contract, a fine or arrest. Gaining a criminal record could affect future job prospects and make it more difficult to travel to countries like the USA. The police can also confiscate alcohol from someone, no matter what their age, if they believe it has been or will be drunk by someone under 18 in a public place.

12. For more information or advice on alcohol

13. DRUGS

15. Cannabis Usually smoked with tobacco or by itself Sometimes dried and cooked with food. Most commonly used illegal drug in Britain Long Term Effects Addiction Paranoia and anxiety May lead to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia Effects the ability to concentrate Respiratory conditions Effects on sexual reproduction Short Term Effects Feeling of time slowing down and relaxation Feeling sick after a few drags Getting the giggles or ‘munchies’

17. Cocaine Most commonly snorted but can be smoked or injected. Stays in your system for up to 72 hours Is often mixed with local anaesthetic to create a numb feeling. Short Term Effects Short lived ‘buzz’ with feelings of energy The come down from Cocaine is unpleasant: - Flu type symptoms - Headache After effects get worse with continued use Long Term Effects Addiction- Cocaine is a highly addictive drug Depression, irritability or paranoia Asthma Loss of septum when snorted Reduced sex-drive

19. Mephedrone Commonly snorted but can be swallowed Before it’s classification in 2010 it could be bought in shops, advertised as plant food! Long Term Effects These are new drugs and the long term effects are still unpredictable Overstimulation of the respiratory system, damaging the heart Short Term Effects Short term buzz Overstimulation of the nervous system leading to fits Anxiety and Paranoia Highly addictive

21. Methamphetamine Comes in several forms including; powder, tablets and crystals Can be snorted, injected, swallowed or smoked HIGHLY addictive, leading people to quickly having to find alternative ways of getting money in order to buy next hit. Short Term Effects Short term buzz with feelings of energy You can get an ‘itch’ where you scratch your skin away Lowered inhibitions Long Term Effects Physical damage to the brain Infections from where drug is injected or from sharing needles Severe Psychosis Overdose can lead to strokes, lung and kidney damage

22. Illegal Drugs & the Law Drug classABC ExamplesMethamphetamine, Cocaine Cannabis, MephedroneAnabolic Steroids, Rohypnol Possession7 years in prison and an unlimited fine up to 5 years in prison or an unlimited fine, or both up to 2 years in prison or an unlimited fine, or both SupplyLife in prison and an unlimited fine up to 14 years in prison and an unlimited fine. up to 5 years in prison or an unlimited fine, or both You do not have to be found selling drugs to be charged with supply. Giving drugs away or sharing them with friends is ‘social supply’ and is also an offence. Even if you look after someone else’s drugs and hand them back or if the Police find you with an amount of drugs that they think is too big to be for personal use, you can still be charged with intent to supply.

23. Before & After taking Drugs

25. Drugs, if you are ever in doubt, talk to FRANK…