1. PRONOUNS
Pronoun: a word used in place of one or more nouns. We use pronouns to refer to a noun (also called an antecedent) that comes before the pronoun. example: Natalie feels she can win the race.
(^Antecedent)
(^Pronoun)
example: Terry and Jim know that they are best friends.
(^Antecedents^)
(^Pronoun)

2. Several types of pronouns 1
Several types of pronouns Personal Pronouns: refer to people and things ~ First person – the person who is speaking
~ Second person – the person spoken to ~ Third person – anyone or anything else
Singular Plural
First Person I, my, mine, me we, our, ours, us
Second Person you, your, yours you, your, yours Third Person he, his, him, she, her they, their, theirs, them
Examples: I went to the mall. Joey, can you see the bus? Bob saw us do the assignment.

3. *Note: hisself and theirselves are not real words!
2. Reflexive Pronouns: when the ending –self or –selves is added to a personal pronoun. Examples: himself, herself, themselves, yourself, yourselves Example: I found it myself.
*Note: hisself and theirselves are not real words!
(Personal Pronoun) (Reflexive Pronoun)

4. 3. Interrogative Pronoun: used to ask a question Example: who, whom, whose, which
4. Demonstrative Pronoun: points out a specific person or thing Example: this, that, these, those Example: Zach, is this yours?
v Personal Pronoun
^Demonstrative

5. 5. Relative Pronoun: - a pronoun that introduces a relative clause
5. Relative Pronoun: a pronoun that introduces a relative clause called a “relative” pronoun because it relates to the word it refers to. Five Relative Pronouns:
Who: used for people
Whom: used for people
Whose: used for possession
Which: used for things
That: used for people/things

6. Examples:
1. The person who phoned me last night is my teacher. 2. The visitor for whom you are waiting has arrived. 3. The book whose author won a Pulitzer prize has become a best seller. 4. The movie turned out to be a blockbuster hit, which came as a surprise to critics The café that sells the best coffee in town has recently closed.

7. Indefinite Pronouns: does not refer to a particular person or thing and usually does not have an antecedent. Examples of Indefinite Pronouns:
All
Another
Any
Anybody
Anyone
Anything
Both
Each
Either
Everybody
Everyone
Everything
More
Most
Much
Neither
Nobody
None
No one
One
Other
Several
Some
Somebody
Someone

8. Example: All are welcome to come to the birthday party tonight
Example: All are welcome to come to the birthday party tonight. Ava gave that book to someone but didn’t get it back. During my trip to the mall, I did not see anyone I knew.

9. ADJECTIVES
An adjective refers to a noun or a pronoun and answers the questions:
What kind?
Which one(s)?
How many?
How much?
Examples: Dylan read an interesting story (What kind of story?)
The recent article has information (Which article?) Olive owns those surfboards (Which surfboards?) Josh paid fifty dollars for that (How many dollars?)

10. A, an, the the most commonly used adjectives
sometimes referred to as articles
A – used before words that start with a consonant
example: a joke, a tiger, a notebook
An – used before words that start with a vowel
example: an opera, an alligator, an echo
The – can be used before any word example: the ball, the octopus, the zebra

11. An adjective can come before or after the noun it describes: Tired and hungry, the campers finally reached the lodge. The campers, tired and hungry, finally reached the lodge. (What kind of campers?)
Tall players and intelligent coaches were interviewed by the interested reporter. Which players? Which coaches? What kind of reporter?

12. Types of adjectives: proper adjective - formed from a proper noun.
Example: Italian bread, Herculean strength, Midas touch, Canadian sunset
compound adjective - a word composed of two or more words. Sometimes these words are hyphenated.
Example: landmark decision
black-and-blue mark
hometown hero