1. 2004 SMMA1 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive Presented by DynaMotors, Inc.

2. 2004 SMMA2 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive Background Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems.

3. 2004 SMMA3 Typical PWM Motor Drive Inverter

4. 2004 SMMA4 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/drive Background Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy to the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy to the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents.

5. 2004 SMMA5 Hi-Frequency Common-Mode current paths

6. 2004 SMMA6 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/drive Background Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents. Long cables between the drive inverter and the motor may set up standing voltage waves that reduce the motor insulation life. Long cables between the drive inverter and the motor may set up standing voltage waves that reduce the motor insulation life.

7. 2004 SMMA7 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/drive Background Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents. Long cables between the drive inverter and the motor may set up standing voltage waves that reduce the motor insulation life. Long cables between the drive inverter and the motor may set up standing voltage waves that reduce the motor insulation life. Filters added to drive inverters designed to reduce or eliminate the above problems must carry the motor rated current. Filters added to drive inverters designed to reduce or eliminate the above problems must carry the motor rated current.

8. 2004 SMMA8 Typical filter add-ons used with drive inverters

9. 2004 SMMA9 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/drive Background Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Inverters that drive induction motors, brushless dc motors and switched reluctance motors can produce EMI and cause EMC problems. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents. Cabling between drive inverters and motors can conduct common-mode energy the motor stator windings which might cause damaging bearing currents. Long cables between the drive inverter and the motor may set up standing voltage waves that reduce the motor insulation life. Long cables between the drive inverter and the motor may set up standing voltage waves that reduce the motor insulation life. Filters added to drive inverters to reduce the above problems must carry the motor rated current. Filters added to drive inverters to reduce the above problems must carry the motor rated current. Shielded cables are often needed to reduce EMI. Shielded cables are often needed to reduce EMI.

10. 2004 SMMA10 Solutions to the EMI and EMC problem Ways to minimize the EMI and EMC problem Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed motors Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed motors

11. 2004 SMMA11 Solutions to the EMI and EMC problem Ways to minimize the EMI and EMC problem Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed motors Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed motors Add shielded cabling Add shielded cabling

12. 2004 SMMA12 Solutions to the EMI and EMC problem Ways to minimize the EMI and EMC problem Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed Add shielded cabling Add shielded cabling Use very high-frequency carrier PWM drives (100- 200kHz) with filtered outputs and perfectly shielded and grounded enclosures Use very high-frequency carrier PWM drives (100- 200kHz) with filtered outputs and perfectly shielded and grounded enclosures

13. 2004 SMMA13 Solutions to the EMI and EMC problem Ways to minimize the EMI and EMC problem Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed Add shielded cabling Add shielded cabling Use very high-frequency carrier PWM drives (100- 200kHz) with filtered outputs and perfectly shielded and grounded enclosures Use very high-frequency carrier PWM drives (100- 200kHz) with filtered outputs and perfectly shielded and grounded enclosures Build the drive into the motor – still needs output and input filters to limit bearing currents but does help reduce EMI caused by drive to motor cables. Build the drive into the motor – still needs output and input filters to limit bearing currents but does help reduce EMI caused by drive to motor cables.

14. 2004 SMMA14 Solutions to the EMI and EMC problem Ways to minimize the EMI and EMC problem Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed Use only linear (sine-wave) drives for adjustable-speed Add shielded cabling Add shielded cabling Use very high-frequency carrier PWM drives (100- 200kHz) with filtered outputs and perfectly shielded and grounded enclosures Use very high-frequency carrier PWM drives (100- 200kHz) with filtered outputs and perfectly shielded and grounded enclosures Build the drive into the motor – still needs output and input filters to limit bearing currents but does help reduce EMI caused by drive to motor cables. Build the drive into the motor – still needs output and input filters to limit bearing currents but does help reduce EMI caused by drive to motor cables. Use a brushless repulsion motor. Use a brushless repulsion motor.

15. 2004 SMMA15 48 Frame 4-pole 1/2HP HVAC Brushless Repulsion Motor with Integrated Drive Control

16. 2004 SMMA16 Construction of a Brushless Repulsion Motor

17. 2004 SMMA17 Simplified image of a Brushless Repulsion Motor Armature coil is open Armature coil is open Armature coil is shorted Armature coil is shorted

18. 2004 SMMA18 Flux pattern in 4-pole Brushless Repulsion Motor

19. 2004 SMMA19 Coil Switch side of 48 Frame HVAC Motor PC Board (Mounted on armature shaft)

20. 2004 SMMA20 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive Radiated and Conducted Noise Measurements on the 48 frame HVAC Motor Radiated standards were FCC Class A 3m and CE standard EN55022 Class A 3m Radiated standards were FCC Class A 3m and CE standard EN55022 Class A 3m Both the horizontal and vertical planes were measured in the tests Both the horizontal and vertical planes were measured in the tests Conducted noise standard was EN55022 Class A Conducted noise standard was EN55022 Class A

21. 2004 SMMA21 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive

22. 2004 SMMA22 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive

23. 2004 SMMA23 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive

24. 2004 SMMA24 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive

25. 2004 SMMA25 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor

26. 2004 SMMA26 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor Conclusions The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings. The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings.

27. 2004 SMMA27 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor Conclusions The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings. The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings. The problem of common-mode currents is eliminated because all the switching is done in a closed space on the armature. The problem of common-mode currents is eliminated because all the switching is done in a closed space on the armature.

28. 2004 SMMA28 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive Conclusions The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings. The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings. The problem of common-mode currents is eliminated because all the switching is done in a closed space on the armature. The problem of common-mode currents is eliminated because all the switching is done in a closed space on the armature. The filtering requirement for the input power line is eliminated. The filtering requirement for the input power line is eliminated.

29. 2004 SMMA29 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive Conclusions The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings. The adjustable speed brushless repulsion motor eliminates the need for high frequency PWM drive inverters that produce radiated and conducted energy and high frequency common- mode currents that might damage bearings. The problem of common-mode currents is eliminated because all the switching is done in a closed space on the armature. The problem of common-mode currents is eliminated because all the switching is done in a closed space on the armature. The filtering requirement for the input power line is reduced. The filtering requirement for the input power line is reduced. No filtering is needed for the space between the controller and the armature. No filtering is needed for the space between the controller and the armature.

30. 2004 SMMA30 EMI and EMC Aspects of a Brushless Repulsion Motor/Drive Thankyou Your Questions Please Presented by DynaMotors, Inc.