1. Section One Rebuilding the South

2. Reconstruction  The process of readmitting the former Confederate states into the Union.  1865-1877

3. Southerners Return Home  World they knew was gone.  Cities, towns, farms ruined.  Crop failure = high food prices  Confederate $ worthless  Bridges & Railroads destroyed.

4. Ten Percent Plan  Lincoln’s Plan  Offered Southerners amnesty (official pardon) for illegal acts supporting the rebellion.  Southerners had to:  Swear an oath of loyalty to the U.S.  Agree that slavery was illegal  Only 10 % of voters in a state had to do this and a state could be readmitted to Union

5. Wade- Davis Bill  Some politicians argued that Congress not the president should control reconstruction.  Some Republicans felt 10% plan not far enough.  Senator Benjamin Wade & Representative Henry Davis  Ban Slavery  Majority of adult males (so over 50%, not 10%)  Had to swear never supported Confederacy to hold office.

6. 13 th Amendment  Proposed by Lincoln in January 1865  Banned slavery forever throughout the U.S.  Took many months of political maneuvering to get it passed.  Went into effect on Dec. 18 th 1865  Garrison- “Our work is done!”  Douglass disagrees…

7. Freed Slaves  Couple legalize marriages  Searched for missing relatives  Newspaper ads seeking their children  Travel freely  Sign Mr. & Mrs.  Begin to demand equal rights & education

8. Freedmen in South  Majority of Freed slaves stayed in the South.  Many moved to Southern cities and town and started schools & churches.  Many stayed near the plantations they had grown up on.  Did what they knew in the place they knew.

9. Freedmen’s Bureau Bill 1865  Initiated by Lincoln, Congress Pass March 1865  Created the Freedmen’ Bureau  Agency to assist & provide relief for freed people and poor Southerners.  Used a limited budget to:  Distribute food  Establish schools  Legal help –supervise contracts between freedpeople & employers  Help African American veterans

10. Lincoln Assassinated  On April 14 th 1865 President Lincoln went to see a play with his wife at Ford’s Theatre in D.C.  Shot by John Wilkes Booth  Southerner angry with Lincoln’s policies  He died the next morning.  “Now he belongs to the ages….” -Stanton

11. Manhunt Begins  Booth’s accomplices had planned to kill VP Andrew Johnson & Secretary State William Seward.  Union troops begin massive manhunt for Booth & his accomplices.  After 12 days on the run Booth is cornered & killed at Garrett's Farm in VA.

13. President Johnson  Vice President Andrew Johnson was sworn in as President shortly after Lincoln’s death.  President Johnson was a Democrat from Tennessee & former slaveholder.  His Reconstruction Plan’s similar to Lincoln.

14. President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan  States have to revise state constitutions  Create new state Gov’t  Declare secession illegal  Ratify the 13 th Amendment to reenter union.

15. Reconstruction Complete?  By end of 1865 most South had created new Gov’ts & sent Representatives to Congress  Johnson pardons 7,000 ex-Confederate officials by 1866.  Johnson approves new Southern State Gov’ts & declares Union restored.

16. Congress Refuses  Republicans complain that many of these new representatives were the same ones that just led the rebellion!  Congress refuses to readmit the Southern states.