2. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. The Ottoman Empire Expands

5. Topkapi Palace Model

6. The Actual Topkapi Palace

7. Topkapi Harem

8. It’s Good to Be the Sultan!

9. Topkapi “Fruit Room”

10. Topkapi’s Great Craftsmenship

11. EARLY STRUGGLES FOR REFORM

12. Sultan Selim - tried to strengthen military and govt. and standardize tax Janissaries did not want it – REVOLT Led to a revolt in Serbia making Serbia independent

13. TANZIMAT REFORMS When Greek also got independence – the need for reform was obvious– GO SECULAR!! - Code of civil laws (public trials, equal rights) -Military training (German & French models) -French language in all training -European clothing, styles (fez hat) -These rights and reforms not for women -

15. The Decline of the Empire: 18c

17. Greek War for Independence: 1821-1832

18. Crimean War: 1854-1856 The “Sick Man of Europe”!

19. The Ottoman Empire in 1914

20. CRIMEAN WAR RESULTS 1.Modern Warfare - breech-loading rifles, percussion caps -Conscript armies (forcing people into army) -Discredited Russia (can’t fight the Ottomans?) -Railroads used for rapid transport 2. Ottoman declined after war -- finances were damaged – owed too much to Europe -- dependent on foreign loans and help --Europeans given extra-territoriality (allowed to live in Ottoman territory, but not subject to Ottoman laws)

21. The Young Turks Revolt: 1908  The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP).  Mehmet Talaat  Grand Vizier, 1917-1918  Enver Pasha  Minister of War  Ottoman Commander- in-Chief

22. The Young Turks Program  Pushed for reforms   freedom of speech, press, assembly.  Problem of nationalism within (heterogeneous empire).  WANTED FREEDOM OF EUROPEAN DOMINATION….willing to sacrifice Ottoman Empire and have Turkish nationalism

23. Two Armed Camps Central Powers: Allied Powers:

24. World War I Alliances: 1914-1918

25. Europeans Carve Up the Ottoman Empire After WW1

26. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938)  Republican People’s Party Goals:  republicanism (National Assembly).  nationalism (“Turkification”).  populism (for the benefit of the people).  statism (state-controlled economy).  secularism (free from religious control).  reformism.  1924  abolished the caliphate.

27. Atatürk’s Reforms 1. “Turkify” the Islamic faith  Translate the Qur’an into Turkish.  Secular education.  Ministry of Religious Affairs abolished.  Sharia courts closed  new secular courts. 2. Western-style clothing  Forbid the wearing of the fez   Western-style men’s suits.  Attacked the veiling of women.

28. Atatürk’s Reforms 3. Language Reform:  Roman alphabet replaced the Arabic script.  Literacy in new alphabet required for government positions. 4. State Socialism:  State banks established to finance government-controlled businesses. 5. Adoption of a Surname.