1. Federal Scans and Transferability to Washington State California MICM Workshop Los Angeles, Dec. 5, 2007 Eric N.Schreffler (ESTC) and Craig Stone (WSDOT) FHWA International Scanning Studies on Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic Management donpeat.com

2. OVERVIEW Federal Congestion Management Process Managing Travel Demand Scan Active Traffic Management Scan Washington State ATM Feasibility Study Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic Management to Mitigate Congestion donpeat.com

3. FEDERAL CONGESTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS Statewide Transportation Planning; Metropolitan Transportation Planning Final Rule USDOT, FHWA 23 CFR Parts 450 and 500 (2/14/07) Links Congestion Management System to planning process Emphasizes operational and management strategies Common performance measures and goals for CMP, LRTP and M&O CMP must be a “cooperatively developed and implemented metro-wide strategy” through the use of “travel demand management strategies” CMP should result in multi-modal system performance measures and strategies that can be reflected in the region-wide plan and TIP

4. FEDERAL CONGESTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS Statewide Transportation Planning; Metropolitan Transportation Planning Final Rule Demand management measures might include: Growth Management Congestion Management Public Transportation Improvements ITS Technologies

5. PRESENTATION PURPOSE Present broader view of managing travel demand and traffic Introduce European examples Provide wide array of techniques Underscore need for integration Show how one state is exploring options Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic Management to Mitigate Congestion donpeat.com

6. International Scanning Studies: 2005 = Managing Travel Demand (MTD/TDM) 2006 = Active Traffic Management (ATM) FHWA International, AASHTO, NCHRP MTD Scan included: MTC, FHWA, Florida, Utah, Minnesota and New Jersey Visited: Rome, Stockholm, Lund, Cologne,Rotterdam, Delft and London FHWA sponsoring workshop series MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND donpeat.com

7. International Scanning Studies: 2005 = Managing Travel Demand (MTD/TDM) 2006 = Active Traffic Management (ATM) ATM Scan included: FHWA, PSRC, Texas, Washington, Minnesota and Virginia Visited: Athens, Copenhagen, Germany, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Birmingham and London ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT donpeat.com

8. MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE CONGESTION MTD Scan

9. DEFINITION: What is Managing Travel Demand? Managing travel demand is about providing travelers, regardless of whether they drive alone, with travel choices, such as work location, route, time of travel and mode. In the broadest sense, “demand management is defined as providing travelers with effective choices to improve travel reliability.” * * FHWA, 2006

10. TRAVEL DEMAND STRATEGIES: Choices Mode ChoiceLocation Choice - drive alone- telework - car- and vanpool- Transit-oriented development - shuttle buses- Location-efficient mortgages - bike/walk- proximate commute Time ChoiceRoute Choice - traveler info- traveler info - travel time prediction- Active Traffic Mgmt - event scheduling- HOV lanes - flex-time/CWW- congestion pricing

11. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: Traffic vs. Travel Demand Management Source: AVV and FHWA

12. FOUR CATEGORIES OF DEMAND STRATEGIES 1. OPERATIONAL 2. INFRASTRUCTURE 3. PRICING/FINANCIAL 4. INSTITUTIONAL/FACILITATION FHWA, 2006

13. OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES Improving the efficiency of the transport system by: Providing real-time, multi-modal information Predicting travel times Active traffic management Traffic management centers Parking management Photo enforcement Improved public transport Managing large-scale events and emergencies Highway reconstruction mitigation Sources: ATAC, Schreffler, Hull, AVV

14. OPERATIONAL EXAMPLE: EUROPE ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT on M42 – UK Use of hard shoulder Break-down areas Driver info panels Speed control Photo enforcement CCTV Source: Highways Agency

15. INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIES Providing advantages to sustainable choices with: HOV facilities Special use lanes Park-and-Ride facilities Access control (e.g., car-free zones) Sources: Schreffler and Highways Agency

16. INFRASTRUCTURE EXAMPLE: EUROPE SPECIAL LANES IN THE NETHERLANDS Rush hour lanes Use of hard shoulder running Peak period operations Good safety record Plus lanes Add extra narrow lane Reduced speed Reversible tidal-flow lane Exclusive bus and truck lanes Rush hour lane Plus laneBus lane Sources: AVV and Hull Plus lane Truck and bus lane

17. PRICING/FINANCIAL STRATEGIES Trigger economic incentives and disincentives with: Cordon pricing in congested centers Other road pricing schemes (trucks) Revenue for improved transit Subsidies for using alternative modes London Stockholm Rome Germany Sources: Hull, stockholmsforsoket.se, ATAC, Schreffler Germany

18. PRICING EXAMPLE: EUROPE STOCKHOLM TRIAL Legislated 7-month pilot test Cordon around city center 18 charging points; photo of plates 10-20 SEK per crossing ($1.44 - $2.88) 16 new bus routes; 2,800 P-n-R spaces Goal = 10-15% reduction in traffic Result = 19% reduction in car traffic 4% increase in transit ridership Emissions reduced Referendum passed in city Source: stockholmsforsoket.se

19. INSTITUTIONAL/FACILITATIVE STRATEGIES New ways to institutionalize demand management into planning, management, and operations via: Partnerships Travel Planning Coordination New Policies Source: AVV

20. INSTITUTIONAL EXAMPLE: EUROPE HEATHROW AREA TRANSPORT FORUM Partnership of airport, towns and tenants Created Surface Access Strategy During planning of Heathrow Express Increased transit/carpool use (10%  19%) Decreased car use (78%  70%) Funded with parking surcharge Drive alone share decreased Transit and carpool share increased Consistent with “Smarter Choices” Source: Alastair Duff and BAA

21. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES PERFORMANCE MONITORING Performance-based goals set Performance monitoring used to maximize efficiency Evaluation used to measure effectiveness in achieving objectives

22. TRAVEL TIME RELIABILITY “A consistency or dependability in travel times, as measured from day to day or across different times of day.” * Measurements: 90 th or 95 th percentile travel times Buffer index (% extra time needed) Planning time index (multiplier) * FHWA 2006 http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/tt_reliability/brochure/index.htm

23. PERFORMANCE GOALS England’s Performance Monitoring Policy Goal: make travel times more reliable County divided into 98 key routes; determine 90% percentile of travel times for the system Public Service Agreement: reduce travel time for the worst 10% of congested trips or potentially lose highway funds for these routes One solution cited in HA Business Plan: manage demand (Integrated Demand Management - IDM) Source: Highways Agency

24. THE KEY - INTEGRATION Demand management should be integrated with: Long-range planning Land development Employer/school practices Planning for operations Traffic management System operations Performance measurement Source: City of Lund and Trivector Traffic AB

25. INTEGRATION EXAMPLE LUNDAMATS – Lund, Sweden Integrated, sustainable transport plan: 1.Sustainable town planning 2.Priority to bicycles 3.Extended transit (BRT) 4.Reduce car traffic 5.Employer and community transport solutions Hull

26. INTEGRATION EXAMPLE LUNDAMATS – RESULTS Placed priority on sustainable travel Accommodated growth in travel without increasing car use Reduced VMT per capita in real terms

27. INTEGRATION EXAMPLE ROME – Traffic and Transit ATAC – Mobility Agency for Rome – “public travel” Limited public corporation Outsource service delivery and monitor schedule reliability Merged with city TMC – “private travel” Manage access control Coordinate traveler information Source: ATAC

28. MTD LESSONS LEARNED Lessons Learned from Europe 1.Transportation Management Thinking Is Evolving In Europe 2.Demand Management Differs From Traffic Management 3.Owners and Service Providers are Working Together 4.Demand Management Can Be Integrated Into Programs, Projects and Operations 5.Economic Growth and Traffic Management Can Co-Exist Hull

29. MTD LESSONS LEARNED (con’t) 6.Road Pricing Proven Effective 7.Customized Travel Time Prediction Is Possible 8.Dynamic Signing Can Influence Safety and Operations 9.Pre-Trip and Near Trip Information Can Influence Congestion 10.Performance-based Evaluation Integrated Into Processes and Policies U.S. has a lot of experience with managing demand, but not as good as integrating into planning, management and operations Hull

30. DEFINITION: What is Sustainable Transport? Sustainability is the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity. Sustainable transport works to meet the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

31. FHWA Resources http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/tdm/index.htm US Experience http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/traveldemand/index.htm TDM and ATM European Experience http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ manag_demand_tis/travelinfo.htm Traveler Information