1. Workshop 5 – Territorial connectivity for individuals, communities and enterprises Accessibility in global, European and regional perspectives Klaus Spiekermann ESPON Internal Seminar 2013 “Territorial Evidence for Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 and Territorial Agenda 2020”

2. Accessibility in the Territorial Agenda 2020 Territorial Priorities 1) Polycentric and balanced territorial development Avoid polarisation 2) Integrated development Rural, peripheral and sparsely populated territories may need to enhance their accessibility Improve accessibility of urban centres from rural areas Ensure necessary availability of job opportunities and services of general interest 4) Global competitiveness Integration of local endowment into global economy

3. Accessibility in the Territorial Agenda 2020 Territorial Priorities (cont.) 5 ) Improving territorial connectivity Fair and affordable accessibility to services of general interest are essential for territorial cohesion Secure access to road, rail, water and air transport TEN-T Linking primary and secondary networks Encourage accessibility of urban centres in peripheries

4. Accessibility main 'product' of a transport system for spatial development determines the locational advantage of an area (i.e. in ESPON a region, a city or a corridor) relative to all areas indicators of accessibility measure the benefits households and firms in an area enjoy from the existence and use of the transport infrastructure relevant for their area.

5. TRACC set of accessibility indicators Spatial Context (destination) Basic characteristics Generic type of accessibility indicator Travel costCumulated opportunities Potential GlobalTravel Access to global cities Global travel connectivity Global potential accessibility travel Freight Access to global freight hubs Global freight connectivity Global potential accessibility freight EuropeTravel (traditional) Access to top ten MEGAs European daily accessibility travel European potential accessibility travel Travel (new) Travel speedUrban connectivityEuropean potential acc. intermodal travel Freight Access to nearest maritime ports European daily accessibility freight European potential accessibility freight RegionalTravel (Europe-wide) Access to high-level transport infrastructure Availability of urban functions National potential accessibility travell Freight (Europe-wide) Access to freight terminals Availability of freight terminals National potential accessibility freight Travel (case studies, tradit.) Access to regional centres Daily accessibility of jobs Regional potential accessibility Travel (case studies, to SIG) Access to health care facilities Availability of secondary schools Potential accessibility to basic health care

6. Travel time to New York Intermodal Minutes

7. Access to global freight hubs (New York) Generalised costs (Euro/ton)

8. Access to global freight hubs Shanghai Generalised costs (Euro/ton)

9. Accessibility potential rail ESPON = 100

10. Accessibility potential multimodal ESPON = 100

11. Accessibility and regional economic performance Eastern Europe Northern Europe MEGAs Southern Europe

12. GDP/capita (EU27=100) minus Acc potential Intermodal (EU27=100)

13. Accessibility and economic crisis and recovery

14. Accessibility and regional economic performance

15. Accessibitlity to high-level transport infrastructure (ICON-Index)

16. TRACC Regional case studies

17. Baltic States Jobs available within 1 hour by car

18. Baltic States Jobs available within 1 hour by public transport

20. Baltic States Travel time to next hospital by car (minutes)

21. Baltic States Travel time to next hospital by car (minutes)

23. Poland Absolute increase of potential accessibility road by future TEN-T investments