1. 1 Different Video Properties
Video Standards
Different countries use different video standards for broadcasting
Video standard
Countries
PAL
The United Kingdom, most countries in Europe, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Australia
NTSC
The United States, Japan, Taiwan
SECAM
France, Russia
TV display standards in different countries

2. 1 Different Video Properties
Frames
Digitized video consists of a number of frames
Slightly different frames are displayed successively at high speed → continuous motion
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8
Frame 9 Frame 10 Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 Frame 14 Frame 15 Frame 16
A video actually consists of individual frames

3. 1 Different Video Properties
Frame Size
The width and height of individual frames
Larger frame size → higher video quality → larger file size
Frame size
Aspect ratio
Application
720 × 576
5 : 4
PAL DVD
480 × 576
5 : 6
PAL SVCD
352 × 288
11 : 9
PAL VCD
240 × 180
4 : 3
Web video
160 × 120
Web video or video mail
Common video frame sizes

4. 1 Different Video Properties
Frame Rate
The number of video frames displayed on the screen in one second
Measured in frames per second (fps)
Higher frame rate (above 24 fps) → smoother motion
Frame rate (fps)
Multimedia system 30
NTSC TV 25
PAL TV 24
Movie films 15
Computer video or animation (such as Flash movies) 12
Some common video frame rates and corresponding multimedia systems

5. 1 Different Video Properties
Codec (Compressor and Decompressor)
The software used to compress and decompress video files
Compression reduces the storage space and the video access time
Original video
Compression
Compressed video
Decompression
Storage
Decompressed video (playback)
This step requires the appropriate codec installed on user’s computer

6. 1 Different Video Properties
Codec
Different codecs use different methods to compress video
Some common codecs
MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4
Windows Media Video (WMV)
DivX

7. Video capturing device
2 Capture Digital Video
Concept
To capture digital video, it is necessary to have
A capturing device (a camcorder)
A storage medium
Video encoding hardware and software
Video capturing device
Storage medium
Video encoding hardware and software

8. 2 Capture Digital Video Examples Video capturing devices DV camcorder
Digital camera
Webcam
Video encoding hardware / Software
Video capture card
May use USB connection to the computer and encoded by a software

9. 2 Capture Digital Video Examples
A video capture card (top left) and an external video capturing device (bottom left). VideoStudio, the video capturing and editing software (right).

10. 3 Common Video File Formats
Audio Video Interleave (AVI)
Windows video format developed by Microsoft
Large file size in uncompressed format
The same 15-second AVI video in 3 formats
AVI (MPEG-4 codec)
File size: 3.28 MB
AVI (Cinepak Codec by Radius)
File size: 13.1 MB
AVI (uncompressed)
File size: 111 MB

11. 3 Common Video File Formats
Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG, MPG)
A compression file format
Preserves video quality yet supports high compression ratio

12. 3 Common Video File Formats
Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG, MPG)
A family of compression standards
Standard
Maximum resolution
Application
MPEG-1 (1992)
352 × 288 (PAL)
352 × 240 (NTSC)
Video CDs, interactive CD-ROMs and MPEG-1 MP3 music
MPEG-2 (1994)
720 × 576 (PAL)
720 × 480 (NTSC)
DVDs and digital TV broadcast
MPEG-4 (1998) -
Video in digital camera mobile phone and iPod
MPEG-4 can be as good as MPEG-2, but an MPEG-4 video is of a smaller file size

13. 3 Common Video File Formats
Windows Media Video (WMV, ASF)
A streaming compressed video format developed by Microsoft
Can be played by Windows Media Player
Windows Media Player

14. 3 Common Video File Formats
RealVideo (RV, RM)
A compressed streaming audio format developed by RealNetworks
Can be played by RealPlayer

15. 3 Common Video File Formats
QuickTime (MOV)
A streaming compressed multimedia file format on Macintosh computers
Can be played with QuickTime Player
QuickTime Player

16. 4 Simple Video Editing Editing Movies
Common video editing skills include
Adding titles and background music
Applying transition effects between video clips
Applying video filters