1. Atomic Theory, Isotopes and Radioactive Decay
Section 7.1

2. What is (Define)
Radioactivity
Radiation
Isotopes
Decay

3. Radioactivity Matter that is changing, within the nuclei of its atoms
Deals with non-normal matter, something that behaves irregularly. Matter that can give off something and cause radio interference (Electromagnetic).
Imagine 100 years ago driving through the mountains and your radio doesn’t work properly, or buying a souvenir and putting it on your T.V and it messes up the image on the screen
Matter that is changing, within the nuclei of its atoms

4. Radiation
Is what is given off (emit) and causes the interference. They are the high-energy, short wave particles and rays of energy.

5. Isotopes
Any element, same # of protons, with a different # of neutrons and overall mass.
Stability ≈ Decay (excess neutrons): neutron  proton

6. Types of Decay Normal Radioactive To decay by emitting radiation.
Implies to breakdown, fall apart and become smaller. Something is changing form (composition). Decay is a process.
To decay by emitting radiation.
High-energy, short wavelength particles & rays
Normal decay is like mold, rust, erosion

7. The 3 Main Types of Radiation found in the Decay Process
What are (Define):
The 3 Main Types of Radiation found in the Decay Process

8. Alpha
An Alpha particle is the nucleus of a Helium atom. It has 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

9. Beta
Beta particle is an electron
Caused from a neutron decay

10. Gamma
A gamma particle is a high-energy, short wavelength ray (like light).
Caused from changes in energy (between levels or states)

11. Radiation Types (Penetration)
Think of Alpha (α), Beta (β) and Gamma (γ) as letters A, B, C that equal changes according to size.
A = Biggest = α
B = Next = β
C = Smallest = γ

12. Radiation Types (Repulsion)
Think of Alpha (α), Beta (β) and Gamma (γ) in terms of charges (attract and repel).
α = Positive (+2)
β = Negative (-1)
γ = No Charge

13. Radiation Types

14. 2 Rules for Writing Nuclear Equations
1. The sum of the mass numbers on each side of the equation does not change (stays the same)
Don’t Forget to Balance!!!!
2 Rules for Writing Nuclear Equations
2. The sum of the atomic charges (in the nucleus) on each side of the equation does not change (stays the same)

15. Isotope Tables

16. Radioactive decay & Nuclear Equations
Show what happens when Plutonium 242 decays by alpha emission.
Show what happens when Uranium 238 decays by alpha emission.
3. Show what happens when Carbon 15 decays by beta
emission.
4. Show what happens when Hydrogen 3 decays by beta