1. Carboxylic Acids Nitriles Natural Products Nomenclature Acidity Preparation Reactions

2. Analgesics

3. Fats and Fatty Acids

4. Prostaglandins

5. Penicillins from mold

6. From Ergot Fungus

7. Common Nomenclature

9. I.U.P.A.C. Nomenclature

10. Dicarboxylic Acids

11. A Diacid

12. Unusually High Melting and Boiling Points

13. Boiling Points

14. Acidity is due to Delocalization of the Charge in the Conjugate Base

15. Alcohol vs. Acid

16. e - Withdrawing Groups Enhance Acidity

17. Benzoic acids

18. Deprotonation

19. Ester Formation

20. Carboxylic Acid Preparations Oxidation of 1 o alcohols and aldehydes with Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 /H 2 SO 4 KMnO 4 oxidation of alkylbenzenes Grignard reaction with CO 2 (Carboxylation) Hydrolysis of a carboxylic derivative: e.g. acid chloride, acid anhydride, ester, amide, nitrile

21. Grignard Reaction with CO 2

22. Mechanism

23. Hydrolysis of a Nitrile

24. Reduction of Carboxylic Acids

25. Naming Nitriles

26. Dehydration of an Amide use strong dehydrating agent

27. Reduction of Nitriles

28. Grignard Addition to a Nitrile

29. Partial Mechanism

30. The Rest of the Mechanism