1. Tutorial and Demos on Android in Virtual Box
CSC 4320/ Operating Systems
Summer 2015

2. Outline Introduction of Android APP Development.
How to create an Android Virtual Machine?
How to install the Eclipse Plugin for Android?
Demo 1: Develop a Hello word App In Eclipse.
Demo 2: A simple Process Manager App.
Introduction of Android

3. Android App Development

4. Introduction
Android is an open source and Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
Developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.
Apps are developed in the Java language using the Android Software Development Kit.
First beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007.
First commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
Current Android version - Android 5.0 "Lollipop”.

5. Android vs iOS Pros Cons Easy to program : Java based
Can be developed on any OS : Mac, Windows, Linux
Cons
Too many different types of devices to support
Quality control

6. Android Architecture

7. Android Architecture 4 Layered Architecture Linux Kernel Libraries
Process management, memory management, device management
Libraries
SQLite database, web browser engine WebKit
Android Runtime
Dalvik Virtual Machine, kind of JVM optimized for Android
Application Framework
Provide high level services to applications like Telephony, Location
Applications
Android applications are written in this layer

8. Basic Components of Android Application
Activities
Dictate the UI and handle the user interaction to the smartphone screen
Services
Handle background processing associated with an application.
Broadcast Receivers
Handle communication between Android OS and applications.
Content Providers
Handle data and database management issues.

9. Managing the Activity Lifecycle

10. Lifecycle methods
onCreate(), onStart(), onResume(), onPause(), onStop(), onDestroy()
Implementation of lifecycle methods is important because it ensures that application behaves well in following scenarios:
Does not crash if the user receives a phone call or switches to another app while using your app.
Does not consume valuable system resources when the user is not actively using it.
Does not lose the user's progress if they leave your app and return to it at a later time.
Does not crash or lose the user's progress when the screen rotates between landscape and portrait orientation.

11. Development Environment Setup
Option 1 – Android Studio
Step 1: Set up Java SDK
Step 2: Android Studio
Option 2 – Eclipse with ADT
Step 2: Setup Android SDK
Step 3: Setup Eclipse IDE
Step 4: Setup Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin

12. Testing the Android App
Run on Emulator – Android Virtual Device
AVD Manager is used to configure a virtual device that models a specific device
Run on real Android device
Developer mode should enabled on the mobile device
Run on an Android VM

13. How to create an android VM?

14. How to create an Android Virtual Machine?(1)
Download Android x-86 ISO from website
Version: android-x r2.iso
Install Android 4.4 using Virtual Box.
Follow a tutorial in

15. How to create an Android Virtual Machine?(2)
The final screen after installing Android.

16. How to create an Android Virtual Machine?(4)
Remove the installing image disk from virtual drive.

17. How to create an Android Virtual Machine?(3)
Note:
1.Once you are in the Welcome screen, please disable the mouse integration so that the mouse cursor will be captured in screen.
You can find the mouse integration button on the bottom of VM window.

18. How to create an Android Virtual Machine?(4)
Note:
2.If your Android system is in sleep mode (black screen) , please wake up it by sending shutdown signal through VM.

19. How to Install eclipse plug in for android?

20. How to install Eclipse Plugin for Android?
Install Eclipse plugin for Android Develop.
Install the latest SDK tools and platform.

21. Install Eclipse plugin for Android Develop(1)
Steps
Start Eclipse, then select Help > Install New Software.
Click Add in the top-right corner.
Enter “ADT Plugin” for the Name and following URL for the location.

22. Install Eclipse plugin for Android Develop(1)
Steps(continued)
Click OK.
In the available software dialog, select the checkbox next to Developer Tools and click Next.
Follow the steps and Finish.
Restart Eclipse.

24. Install the latest SDK tools and platform
Steps
Open Eclipse
Go to Window -> Open Perspective->Other and Select "Java" and click OK.
Go to Window -> Android SDK Manager.

25. Install the latest SDK tools and platform
Steps(continued)
Select packages “Tools”,“Android 4.4.2” and “Extras/Android Support Library” in the package list and click “Install packages”.

26. How to install Virtual Machine?(2)
Install the latest SDK tools and platform.
Select packages “Tools” and “Android 4.4.2” in the package list and click “Install packages”.

27. Install the latest SDK tools and platform
Steps(continued)
Accept the licenses for those package and click install.

28. Install the latest SDK tools and platform.
Accept the licences for those package and click

29. Install the latest SDK tools and platform
Steps(continued)
Then wait for about ten to fifteen minutes.

30. Install the latest SDK tools and platform
Check installed SDK in Eclipse.
Go to Eclipse -> Preferences -> Android
Check SDK installed in the Target List.
(Note: if the target list is empty, please click “Browse” and select the path for folder “android-sdk” )

31. Install the latest SDK tools and platform

32. Demo 1 : Develop a Hello word App In Eclipse.

33. Demo 1 Configure the connection between Eclipse and Android VM.
Open VM VirtulBox Manager.
Select Android VM and click the property Network.
In Adapter 1, change network adapter attached to “Bridge Adapter”.
Click “Advanced” and for “Promiscuous Mode” please select “Allow All”.
Click Ok and finish the setting.

34. Demo 1
Configure the connection between Eclipse and Android VM(continued).
Open Android VM.
Open Terminal Emulator.
Type netcfg
Check the IP address for eth0.
E.g

35. Demo 1
Configure the connection between Eclipse and Android VM(continued).
For Windows OS:
Add a new system variable
Computer -> Advanced System Setting -> Environment Variables ->New(User Variables)
Variable Name: “ADB”
Variable Value: “;<Path of adb.exe >”
Open command window
Type command: adb connect
Note: is the IP address of Android VM.

36. Demo 1
Configure the connection between Eclipse and Android VM(continued).
For MacOS:
Add a new system variable
Open a terminal
Type $open ~./profile
In the popped window, add the following text at end of text file.
export PATH=$PATH:<path of adb.>
export PATH=$PATH:/Users/yuanlong/Documents/MacOS_Shared/Project/P2/Eclipse_workspace/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools
Close terminal and reopen it
Type command: adb connect
Note: is the IP address of Android VM.

37. Demo 1 Create a simple Android app. Eclipse -> New -> Other
Select Android Application Project, click “Next”
Enter Application Name, e.g. HelloWorldAPP
Keep the default settings for other options.
Follow the steps and finish.

39. Demo 1 Important Files Activity_main.xml
Default file for XML layout file for the activity. Provides both text view and preview of the screen UI.
MainActivity.java
Java code for activity class that gets executed when application is run.
AndroidManifest.xml
Presents essential information about your app to the Android system like components, java package, permissions.
Strings.xml
Contains all the text that your application uses.

40. Demo 1 src Contains the java class and application logic.
MainActivity.java
Java code for activity class that gets executed when application is run.

41. Demo 1
gen
Contains automatically generated java files by ADT. Do not modify.
R.java
An index to all the resources in “res” folder.

42. Demo 1
assets
Store data files. E.g. XML files.

43. Demo 1 bin Executable files. *.apk
Android application package for install application in Android OS.
(For debugging.)

44. Demo 1
res
Contains resources, e.g. images(drawable folder), layout, strings(values folder).

45. Demo 1 Code for showing process ID Open activity_main.java
Add an id for the component TextView.
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
Open MainActivity.java
Type the following statements at the end of onCreate().
int id= android.os.Process.myPid();
TextView text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textViewHello);
text.setText("Current Procee ID :"+Integer.toString(id));

46. Demo 1 Code for debugging Open MakeActivity.java
Add the following instructions at the end of function OnCreate().
Log.d("Process ID:",Integer.toString(id));

47. Demo 1 Generate APK file and install it in Android VM Debugging
Right click your project -> Run Appliacation -> Run as Android Application
Debugging
Eclipse -> Window -> Show View -> Other
Type “logcat”
Select Logcat
The print outs are stored in log info.

48. Demo 2: A simple Process Manager App.

49. Demo 2 A simple Process Manager List the processes in Android System.
Displaying the traffic statistics.
See more at

50. Demo 2 A simple Process Manager
See more at

51. Demo 2 Layout design (res/layout/activity_main.xml) Linear layout
Image
Text
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<TextView
android:text="APP NAME GOES HERE" />
</LinearLayout>

52. Demo 2 Building a list for processes
Create a file ListAdapter.java under src.
Import following packages.
import java.util.List;
import android.app.ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;

53. Demo 2 Building a list for processes(continues)
Let ListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<RunningAppProcessInfo>
Create a constructor for ListApdapter.
public class ListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<RunningAppProcessInfo> {
// List context
private final Context context;
// List values
private final List<RunningAppProcessInfo> values;
public ListAdapter(Context context, List<RunningAppProcessInfo> values) {
super(context, R.layout.activity_main, values);
this.context = context;
this.values = values; }

54. Demo 2 Building a list for processes(continues)
Override method getView()
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
View rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_main, parent, false);
TextView appName = (TextView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.appNameText);
appName.setText(values.get(position).processName);
return rowView; }

55. Demo 2 Display process list and show traffic statistics
Modify src/MainActivity.java
Extends class ListActivity
Modify OnCreate() so that once app is open all the processes are listed.
Override OnListItemClick() so that once an item in the list is clicked the traffic statistics will be displayed.

56. Demo 2 Display process list and show traffic statistics
Imported Packages
import java.util.List;
import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.app.ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo;
import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.net.TrafficStats;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

57. Demo 2 Display process list and show traffic statistics
Definition of MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends ListActivity { }

58. Demo 2 Display process list and show traffic statistics
Override OnCreate()
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Get running processes
ActivityManager manager = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
List<RunningAppProcessInfo> runningProcesses = manager.getRunningAppProcesses();
if (runningProcesses != null && runningProcesses.size() > 0) {
// Set data to the list adapter
setListAdapter(new ListAdapter(this, runningProcesses));
} else {
// In case there are no processes running (not a chance :))
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "No application is running", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }

59. Demo 2 Display process list and show traffic statistics
Override OnListItemClick()
@Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
long send = 0;
long recived = 0;
// Get UID of the selected process
int uid = ((RunningAppProcessInfo)getListAdapter().getItem(position)).uid;
// Get traffic data
recived = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid);
send = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid);
// Display data
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "UID " + uid + " details...\n send: " + send/ "kB" + " \n recived: " + recived/ "kB", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }

60. Demo 2
Generate corresponding APK file and install it to Android VM.

61. Useful Resources 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
“Android Tablet Application Development For Dummies” By Gerhard Franken
6. The following is a link for installing Eclipse Android Development plug in.

62. Q&A