1. Legal aspects of the marine environment protection and oil transportation: example of the Baltic Sea

2. Ecological risks of the maritime oil transportation World tanker fleet appr. 7000 vessels Cargo capacity – 76 000 -175 000 tons Transportation of oil by tankers and accidents result in the dumping of 600 000 - 1 750 000 tons of oil into the ocean per year; Oil spills and oil wastes are extremely damaging for marine landscape and ocean’s inhabitants.

3. Baltic Sea: An average of 2,000 ships are at sea each day ▫including 200 tankers carrying oil or other potentially harmful products. ▫It is estimated that oil transportation may increase by 40% by 2017. The expansion and construction of oil terminals on the shores of the Gulf of Finland and regional economic growth may lead to even higher increases in shipping.

4. Baltic sea

5. Ecological risks of maritime oil transportation in the Baltic Sea: types of accidents

6. Causes of accidents:

7. International law and prevention of oil pollution from ships Global level: ▫United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10/12/1982 – “umbrella convention” ▫International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969; ▫International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1971; ▫International Convention for the prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL)

8. Particular Sensitive Sea Area The Baltic Sea area: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden (2005) ▫ Traffic separation schemes (new and amendments to existing); ▫ Deepwater route; ▫ Areas to be avoided in addition to existing routing, reporting and pilotage systems plus MARPOL Special Area

9. International law and prevention of oil pollution from ships Regional level: ▫Convention on the Protection of the Maritime Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki Convention 1992); ▫HELCOM Recommendations EU-legislature