1. Anatomy and the Organ Systems

2. Anatomy – the study of the structure of an organism  Recall… Animals are multicellular organisms with specialized cells grouped into tissues. In most animals, tissues are organized into organs, and the combination of organs make up the 11 organ systems  CELLS  TISSUES  ORGANS  ORGAN SYSTEMS

3. 1) Muscular System  Main components: Skeletal Muscles  Main functions: Movement and Locomotion

4. 2) Skeletal System  Main Components: Skeleton (bones, tendons, ligaments & cartilage)  Main Function: Body support, protection of internal organs

5. 3) Digestive System  Main Components: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas & anus  Main Functions: Food processing (ingestion, digestion, absorption & elimination

6. 4) Circulatory System  Main Components: Heart, blood vessels (more later…) & blood  Main Functions: Internal distribution of materials (i.e. oxygen, nutrients…)

7. 5) Respiratory System  Main Components: Lungs, trachea, and other breathing tubes  Main Functions: Gas exchange (Oxygen uptake and Carbon Dioxide disposal)

8. 6) Excretory System  Main Components: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra  Main Functions: Disposal of wastes (metabolic), and regulation of some blood characteristics (i.e. salt content)

9. 7) Immune/Lymphatic System  Main Components: Bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and white blood cells  Main Functions: Body defense

10. 8) Nervous System  Main Components: Brain, spinal chord, nerves, and sensory organs (eyes, ears..)  Main Functions: Coordination of body activities, stimulus detection and responses

11. 9) Endocrine System  Main Components: Pituitary, thyroid, pancreas & other hormone secreting glands  Main Functions: Coordination of body activities (i.e. digestion, metabolism…)

12. 10) Reproductive System  Main Components: Ovaries, testes and other sex organs  Main Functions: Reproduction

13. 11) Integumentary System  Main Components: Skin, hair, nails etc.  Main Functions: Protection against injury, infection, and drying out